TAILIEUCHUNG - Lecture Organic chemistry: Chapter 16 - L. G. Wade, Jr.

Chapter 16 introduce to aromatic compounds. This chapter determine whether Hückel’s rule applies to a given structure, and predict whether the compound will be aromatic, antiaromatic, or nonaromatic; show how to construct the molecular orbitals of a conjugated cyclic system similar to benzene and cyclobutadiene;. | Chapter 16 Aromatic Compounds Organic Chemistry, 7th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 16 Discovery of Benzene Isolated in 1825 by Michael Faraday who determined C:H ratio to be 1:1. Synthesized in 1834 by Eilhard Mitscherlich who determined molecular formula to be C6H6. He named it benzin. Other related compounds with low C:H ratios had a pleasant smell, so they were classified as aromatic. Chapter 16 Kekulé Structure Proposed in 1866 by Friedrich Kekulé, shortly after multiple bonds were suggested. Failed to explain existence of only one isomer of 1,2-dichlorobenzene. C C C C C C H H H H H H Chapter 16 Resonance Structures of Benzene Benzene is actually a resonance hybrid between the two Kekulé structures. The C—C bond lengths in benzene are shorter than typical single-bond lengths, yet longer than typical double-bond lengths (bond order ). Benzene's resonance can be represented by drawing a circle inside the .

• Hoá học
• Organic chemistry
• Lecture Organic chemistry
• Hóa học hữu cơ
• Electronic Structure
• Aromatic compounds
• Discovery of benzene
• In this workbook
• experiments are elaborated using small scale glassware and equipments from a Small Lab Kit
• developed at the Department of Chemistry
• Faculty of Science
• Chulalongkorn University in Thailand
• This Small Lab Kit was created as a result of the research project entitled “Chemistry Laboratory Based on Chemical Safety and Pollution Minimization” sponsored by Thai Research Fund (RDG 3 07 2543)
• One of the outcomes of this project is the organic laboratory book entitled “Organic Chemistry Laboratory Based on Chemical Safety and Pollution Minimization” written in Thai by professors from 7 universities in this project
• They compiled
• adjusted and tested the experiments taken from several traditional organic chemistry laboratory books using the prototype of Small Lab Kit
• Currently
• some selected experiments from this Thai organic chemistry laboratory text have further been modified
• rewritten and edited in English as appeared in this workbook
• Some experiments ar
• Ebook Organic chemistry
• Nucleophilic substitution
• Determining organic structures
• nucleophilic addition
• Organic structures
• Electrophilic aromatic substitution
• Principles of organic chemistry
• Methods of organic chemistry
• The methane series
• The acetylene series
• Polybasic acids
• High school
• University entrance exam
• Teaching organic chemistry
• Organic chemistry exam question
• Interdisciplinary science
• Advanced practical organic chemistry
• Functional groups
• Organic synthesis reagents
• The structure
• Reactions of organic names
• Fundamentals of organic chemistry
• Carbonyl alpha substitution reactions
• Condensation reactions
• Structure determination
• The organic chemistry
• Organic chemistry principles in context
• Starch to the principles
• The structures of organic molecules
• Mass spectrometers
• Infrared spectrometers
• Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometers
• Modern physical organic chemistry
• Strain and stability
• Covalent binding forces
• Electronic organic materials
• Thermal pericyclic reactions
• The study of organic chemistry
• Stereochemistry and resonance
• Identification of organic compounds
• Elimination reactions
• Electrophilic addition reactions
• Electron delocalization
• Organic compounds
• Cyclic hydrocarbons
• Aromatic alcohols
• Aromatic compounds containing
• Inorganic chemistry
• A guidebook to mechanism in organic chemistry
• Aromatic systems
• Linear free energy relationships
• Symmetry controlled reactions
• Fatty acid catabolism
• The chemistry of the carbonyl group
• The industrial road toward increasing efficiency
• Bài giảng Hóa học hữu cơ
• Chemistry of benzene
• Derivatives of benzene
• Summary of Organic Chemistry Dotoral Thesis
• Organic Chemistry Dotoral Thesis
• Natural Products Chemistry
• Biological evaluation
• Chemistry of natural compounds
• Ideas in chemistry
• Molecular sciences
• Synthetic chemistry
• Innovative processes in organic chemistry
• Predictive tools
• Organic chemical reactions
• Electronic configurations of atoms
• Electronic configurations
• Wave properties of electrons
• Wave interactions
• Stereochemistry of alkanes
• Alkane conformations
• Chemical reactions
• Chlorination of Methane
• Chiral carbons
• Nonmobile conformers
• Alkyl Halides