TAILIEUCHUNG - Some Implications of GM Food Technology Policies for Sub-Saharan Africa

Milk from the udder of a healthy cow contains very few bacteria. Poor hygiene introduces additional bacteria that make the milk spoil quickly. To ensure that the milk remains fresh for a longer time it is necessary to practice good hygiene. Good hygiene needs to be observed at all stages of milk production, handling and marketing. Therefore you need to advise the farmer on hygienic milk production and handling after milking. | Journal of African Economies Volume 14 Number 3 PP. 385 410 doi jae eji013 Some Implications of GM Food Technology Policies for Sub-Saharan Africa Kym Andersona Lee Ann Jackson11 1 aWorld Bank CEPR and University of Adelaide bWTO Secretariat Geneva The first generation of genetically modified GM crop varieties sought to increase farmer profitability through cost reductions or higher yields. The next generation of GM food research is focusing also on breeding for attributes of interest to consumers beginning with golden rice which has been genetically engineered to contain a higher level of vitamin A and thereby boost the health of unskilled labourers in developing countries. This paper analyses empirically the potential economic effects of adopting both types of innovation in Sub-Saharan Africa SSA . It does so using the global economy-wide computable general equilibrium model known as GTAP. The results suggest the welfare gains are potentially very large especially from golden rice and that contrary to the claims of numerous interests those estimated benefits are diminished only slightly by the presence of the European Union s current barriers to imports of GM foods. In particular if SSA countries impose bans on GM crop imports in an attempt to maintain access to EU markets for non-GM products the loss to domestic consumers due to that protectionism boost to SSA farmers is far more than the small gain in terms of greater market access to the EU. 1 Contact author Kym Anderson Development Research Group The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington De 20433 USA tel. 1 202 473 3387 fax 1 202 522 1159 e-mail kanderson@ Kym Anderson is Professor of Economics at but on leave from the University of Adelaide and is now Lead Economist Trade Policy in the Development Research Group of the World Bank in Washington DC. Lee Ann Jackson is with Agriculture Division of the WTO Secretariat in Geneva. This paper was first drafted while both were with the Centre .

• Tiếng Anh thương mại
• Patient and the Staff
• Radiation Exposure
• During Fluoroscopy
• Fluoroscopy Guided
• Procedures in Cardiology
• commonly performed
•    Laboratory
• Patient History
• Patient Restraint
• Staff Training
• Staff Communication
• Avoiding Burnout
• Career Development
• Laboratory
• International essentials
• Health care quality
• Patient safety™ hospital edition
• Staff knowledge
• Organizational structures necessary
• Adolescent psychiatry
• Mental health
• Child and adolescent psychiatric care
• Ethical considerations
• Diary method
• Qualitative content analysis
• Ethical issues
• Clinical
• Biological
• Laboratory Parameters
• Clinical Outcome
• ealth care workers