TAILIEUCHUNG - Revisiting the Ziegler–Nichols step response method for PID control

In spite of all the advances in control over the past 50 years the PID controller is still the most common controller, see [1]. Even if more sophisticated control laws are used it is common practice to have an hierarchical structure with PID control at the lowest level, see [2–5]. A survey of more than 11,000 controllers in the refining, chemicals, and pulp and paper industries showed that 97% of regulatory controllers had the PID structure, see [5]. Embedded systems are also a growing area of PID control, see [6]. Because of the widespread use of PID control it is highly desirable to have efficient manual and automatic methods of tuning. | ELSEVIER Available online at Journal of Process Control 14 2004 635-650 JOURNAL OF PROCESS CONTROL locate jprocont Revisiting the Ziegler-Nichols step response method for PID control . Ảstrỏm T. Hỏgglund Department of Automatic Control Lund Institute of Technology . Box 118 SE-221 00 Lund Sweden Abstract The Ziegler-Nichols step response method is based on the idea of tuning controllers based on simple features of the step response. In this paper this idea is investigated from the point of view of robust loop shaping. The results are insight into the properties of PI and PID control and simple tuning rules that give robust performance for processes with essentially monotone step responses. 2004 Elsevier Ltd. Ảll rights reserved. Keywords PID control Design Tuning Optimization Process control 1. Introduction In spite of all the advances in control over the past 50 years the PID controller is still the most common controller see 1 . Even if more sophisticated control laws are used it is common practice to have an hierarchical structure with PID control at the lowest level see 2-5 . Ả survey of more than 11 000 controllers in the refining chemicals and pulp and paper industries showed that 97 of regulatory controllers had the PID structure see 5 . Embedded systems are also a growing area of PID control see 6 . Because of the widespread use of PID control it is highly desirable to have efficient manual and automatic methods of tuning the controllers. Ả good insight into PID tuning is also useful in developing more schemes for automatic tuning and loop assessment. Practically all books on process control have a chapter on tuning of PID controllers see . 7-16 . Ả large number of papers have also appeared see . 1729 . The Ziegler-Nichols rules for tuning PID controller have been very influential 30 . The rules do however have severe drawbacks they use insufficient process information and the design criterion gives closed

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