TAILIEUCHUNG - Rubber plantation performance in the Northeast and East of Thailand in relation to environmental conditions

Beyond state-supported schemes, policy distortions against agriculture, especially for export, and scant public investment in rural areas reduced private investors’ incentives so that most area expansion was by smallholders. Policy reforms of the 1990s allowed agricultural growth to accelerate and paved the way for renewed investor interest in the continent. Still, structural issues arising from long-standing neglect of technology, infrastructure, and institutions continued to contribute to disappointing performance of commercial cultivation of bulk commodities, where, in light of its land endowment, Africa should have a comparative advantage (World Bank 2009a). Past success with commercial agriculture was limited to traditional. | Rubber plantation performance in the Northeast and East of Thailand in relation to environmental conditions Laura Rantala A thesis submitted for an degree in Forest Ecology Department of Forest Ecology Viikki Tropical Resources Institute VITRI University of Helsinki Finland 2006 PREFACE This thesis was done under the framework of a project Improving the productivity of rubber smallholdings through rubber agro forestry systems in Indonesia and Thailand . The project is being financed by the Common Fund for Commodities CFC . It is coordinated by the World Agroforestry Centre ICRAF and research partners include the Indonesian Rubber Research Institute Kasetsart University KU and Prince of Songkhla University in Thailand and the University of Helsinki UH . I received funding from the UH for travel expenses to Thailand and for participation in a bilateral exchange programme between the universities of Kasetsart and Helsinki. My initial knowledge of rubber cultivation and the tropical environment was limited to say the least. I am grateful to everyone involved in this work for the time they have generously given for guiding me through the various stages of this work. Firstly I wish to express my gratitude to my supervisor Professor Dr. Olavi Luukkanen UH Director of the Viikki Tropical Resources Institute VITRI for making my participation in this project possible. I am grateful for his supervision valuable comments and interest in my work. During my field work in Thailand I received much academic as well as practical help from Associate Professor Dr. Suree Bhumibhamon and Dr. Damrong Pipatwattanakul KU . Without their support my work in Thailand would not have been possible. I am indebted to Dr. Vesa Kaarakka UH for his help during various stages of my work and especially for thoughtful comments on my manuscript. In Thailand I had the privilege to receive help from many people. I want to mention the staff members of the Office of the Rubber Replanting Aid Fund

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