TAILIEUCHUNG - Báo cáo khoa học: "Quantifier Scope and Constituency"

Traditional approaches to quantifier scope typically need stipulation to exclude readings that are unavailable to human understanders. This paper shows that quantifier scope phenomena can be precisely characterized by a semantic representation constrained by surhce constituency, if the distinction between referential and quantificational NPs is properly observed. A CCG implementation is described and compared to other approaches. | Quantifier Scope and Constituency Jong c. Park Computer and Information Science University of Pennsylvania 200 South 33rd Street Philadelphia PA 19104-6389 USA Abstract Traditional approaches to quantifier scope typically need stipulation to exclude readings that are unavailable to human understanders. This paper shows that quantifier scope phenomena can be precisely characterized by a semantic representation constrained by surface constituency if the distinction between referential and quantifi-cational NPs is properly observed. A CCG implementation is described and compared to other approaches. 1 Introduction It is generally assumed that sentences with multiple quantified NPs are to be interpreted by one or more unambiguous logical forms in which the scope of traditional logical quantifiers determines the reading or readings. There are two problems with this assumption a without further stipulation there is a tendency to allow too many readings and b there is considerable confusion as to how many readings should be allowed arising from contamination of the semantics of many NL quantifiers by referentiality. There are two well-known techniques for redistributing quantifiers in quantification structures quantifying-in Montague 1974 Cooper 1983 Keller 1988 Carpenter 1994 and quantifier raising May 1985 . The former provides a compositional way of putting possibly embedded quantifiers to the scope-taking positions and the latter utilizes a syntactic movement operation at the level of semantics for quantifier placement. There are also approaches that put more emphasis on utilizing contextual information in restricting the generation of semantic forms by choosing a scope-neutral representation augmented with ordering constraints to capture linguistic judgments Webber 1979 Kamp 1981 Heim 1983 Poesio 1991 Reyle 1993 . And there are computational approaches that screen unavailable and or redundant semantic forms Hobbs Shieber 1987 Moran 1988 .

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