TAILIEUCHUNG - Ebook Clinical anatomy (11th edition): Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 book "Clinical anatomy" presents the following contents: The lower limb (the anatomy and surface markings of the lower limb, the bones and joints of the lower limb, the arteries of the lower limb,.), the head and neck (the surface anatomy of the neck, the thyroid gland, the tongue and floor of the mouth,.), the central nervous system. | Part 4 The Lower Limb The anatomy and surface markings of the lower limb Bones and joints The tip of the anterior superior spine of the ilium is easily felt and may be visible in the thin subject. The greater trochanter of the femur lies a hand s breadth below the iliac crest it is best palpated with the hip abducted so that the overlying hip abductors tensor fasciae latae and gluteus medius and minimus are relaxed. In the very thin wasted patient the greater trochanter may be seen as a prominent bulge and its overlying skin is a common site for a pressure sore to form in such a case. The ischial tuberosity is covered by gluteus maximus when one stands. In the sitting position however the muscle slips away laterally so that weight is taken directly on the bone. To palpate this bony point therefore feel for it uncovered by gluteus maximus in the flexed position of the hip. At the knee the patella forms a prominent landmark. When quadriceps femoris is relaxed this bone is freely mobile from side to side note that this is so when you stand erect. The condyles of the femur and tibia the head of the fibula and the joint line of the knee are all readily palpable less so is the adductor tubercle of the femur best identified by running the fingers down the medial side of the thigh until they are halted by it the first bony prominence so to be encountered. The tibia can be felt throughout its course along its anterior subcutaneous border from the tibial tuberosity above which marks the insertion of the quadriceps tendon to the medial malleolus at the ankle. The fibula is subcutaneous for its terminal 3 in 7 cm above the lateral malleolus which extends more distally than the stumpier medial malleolus of the tibia. Immediately in front of the malleoli can be felt a block of bone which is the head of the talus. The tuberosity of the navicular stands out as a bony prominence 1 in cm in front of the medial malleolus it is the principal point of insertion of tibialis .

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