TAILIEUCHUNG - The French New Wave and the New Hollywood: Le Samourai and its American legacy

Three physical measures of the 160 films are used in the analyses below, and one interaction between them. First, the average shot lengths (ASLs) of each filmwere determined. Segmenting films into shots has been a tedious and ongoing process, starting with the measurements by Cutting et al (2010). Subsequently, each filmhas been gone over several times by several individuals both with computer assistance and by hand. Although we occasionally find additional transitions previously missed, we are confident that we have found greater than 99% of themin each film | Acta Univ. Sapientiae Film and Media Studies 3 2010 109-120 The French New Wave and the New Hollywood Le Samourai and its American legacy Jacqui Miller Liverpool Hope University United Kingdom E-mail millerj@ Abstract. The French New Wave was an essentially pan-continental cinema. it was influenced both by American gangster films and French noirs and in turn was one of the principal influences on the New Hollywood or Hollywood renaissance the uniquely creative period of American filmmaking running approximately from 1967-1980. This article will examine this cultural exchange and enduring cinematic legacy taking as its central intertext Jean-Pierre Melville s Le Samourai 1967 . Some consideration will be made of its precursors such as This Gun for Hire Frank Tuttle 1942 and Pickpocket Robert Bresson 1959 but the main emphasis will be the references made to Le Samourai throughout the New Hollywood in films such as The French Connection William Friedkin 1971 The Conversation Francis Ford Coppola 1974 and American Gigolo Paul Schrader 1980 . The article will suggest that these films should not be analyzed as isolated texts but rather as composite elements within a super-text and that cross-referential study reveals the incremental layers of resonance each film s reciprocity brings. This thesis will be explored through recurring themes such as surveillance and alienation expressed in parallel scenes for example the subway chases in Le Samourai and The French Connection and the protagonist s apartment in Le Samourai The Conversation and American Gigolo. a recent review of a Michael Moorcock novel described his work as so rich each work he produces forms part of a complex echo chamber singing beautifully into both the past and future of his own mythologies Warner 2009 . This description of a science fiction writer s work perfectly encapsulates the French New Wave and its legacy. Numerous scholars have noted the intertextuality of the New Wave. Adam Thirwell s .

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