TAILIEUCHUNG - GAMMA - A High Performance Dataflow Database Machine

This section concludes with a few “interesting facts” emerging from the HPDD and showcasing the richness of the database. The largest single-year debt ratio increases (in percentage points) for the G-20 advanced countries occurred in two years associated with World War I and II—by 22 percentage points of GDP in 1944 and by 14 percentage points in 1919—and also in 2009, when public debt rose by 13 percentage points of GDP. The largest single-year declines occurred in 1969 (-7 percentage points) and 2000 (-3 percentage points). Further, based on a subsample of 34 countries for which debt data were identified. | GAMMA - A High Performance Dataflow Database Machine David J. DeWitt Robert H. Gerber Goetz Graefe Michael L. Heytens Krishna B. Kumar M. Muralikrishna Computer Sciences Department University of Wisconsin This research was partially supported by the Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-81ER10920 by the National Science Foundation under grants DCR-8512862 MCS82-01870 and MCS81-05904 and by a Digital Equipment Corporation External Research Grant. ABSTRACT In this paper we present the design implementation techniques and initial performance evaluation of Gamma. Gamma is a new relational database machine that exploits dataflow query processing techniques. Gamma is a fully operational prototype consisting of 20 VAX 11 750 computers. The design of Gamma is based on what we learned from building our earlier multiprocessor database machine prototype DIRECT and several years of subsequent research on the problems raised by the DIRECT prototype. In addition to demonstrating that parallelism can really be made to work in a database machine context the Gamma prototype shows how parallelism can be controlled with minimal control overhead through a combination of the use of algorithms based on hashing and the pipelining of data between processes. Except for 2 messages to initiate each operator of a query tree and 1 message when the operator terminates the execution of a query is entirely self-scheduling. 1. Introduction While the database machine field has been a very active area of research for the last 10 years only a handful of research prototypes OZKA75 LEIL78 DEWI79a STON79 HELL81 SU82 GARD83 FISH84 KAKU85 DEMU86 and three commercial products TERA83 UBEL85 IDM85 have ever been built. None have demonstrated that a highly parallel relational database machine can actually be constructed. Of the commercial products the most successful one the IDM500 does not exploit parallelism in any form. Why is this so First it is obviously much easier to develop a new database .

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