TAILIEUCHUNG - Alcohol’ s Effects on Female Reproductive Function

The American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) recommends that egg donors go through no more than six cycles, but there is no legal limitation and no tracking of egg donors who go from one clinic or broker to another. Sperm donors at the California Sperm Bank are asked to commit for at least a year and donate at least once a week. Cryopreservation is the process of slowly freezing bodily materials so that they can be used at a future date. In ART, this typically involves sperm or embryos, both of which can be successfully frozen. Egg cryopreservation, on. | Alcohol s Effects on Female Reproductive Function Mary Ann Emanuele . Frederick Wezeman . and Nicholas V. Emanuele . Mild-to-moderate alcohol use has numerous negative consequences for female reproductive function. Animal studies have shown that alcohol consumption disrupts female puberty and drinking during this period also may affect growth and bone health. Beyond puberty alcohol has been found to disrupt normal menstrual cycling in female humans and animals and to affect hormonal levels in postmenopausal women. Research has explored the mechanisms of these effects and the implications of these effects for bone health. Key words reproductive effects of AODU alcohol and other drug use reproductive function female hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis hormones puberty postmenopause menstrual cycle osteoporosis Mild-to-moderate alcohol use affects female reproductive function at several stages of life. It has been shown to have a detrimental effect on puberty to disrupt normal menstrual cycling and reproductive function and to alter hormonal levels in postmenopausal women. In addition alcohol use can have implications for bone health. Before examining alcohol s effect on female reproduction and the potential mechanisms of these effects this article reviews normal female reproduction including puberty the normal female cycle and hormonal changes in postmenopausal females. Overview of the Female Reproductive System The female reproductive system includes three basic components a brain region called the hypothalamus the pituitary gland located at the base of the brain and the ovaries Molitch 1995 . These three components together make up the female hypothalamic pituitary-gonadal HPG axis. This system is described in figure 1. Normal Mammalian Puberty Puberty is the dramatic awakening of the HPG axis resulting in marked alterations in hormonal activity especially the pituitary and gonadal hormones physiologic processes such as reproduction and growth and .

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