TAILIEUCHUNG - COMPONENTS OF REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION BETWEEN THE MONKEYFLOWERS MIMULUS LEWISII AND M. CARDINALIS (PHRYMACEAE)

In 2002, under the CATALYST program, Pathfinder facilitated a partnership between two pharmaceutical firms, Schering Peruana and Pharmacia Upjohn, the social marketing organization, APROPO, and the Peruvian International Planned Parenthood Affiliate, INPPARES, to create a network of professional midwives in Lima called RedPlan Salud. Each pharmaceutical company provided $10,000 and a supply of contraceptives to launch the network. By joining RedPlan Salud, midwives procure discounted reproductive health products and benefit from INPPARES’s promotion of the franchise. Men, women, and adolescents in the communities served by RedPlad Salud receive affordable, high-quality services close to their homes. Since its inception, RedPlan Salud has grown from a network. | Evolution 57 7 2003 pp. 1520-1534 COMPONENTS OF REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION BETWEEN THE MONKEYFLOWERS MIMULUS LEWISII AND M. CARDINALIS PHRYMACEAE Justin Ramsey 1 2 3 H. D. Bradshaw Jr. 1 4 and Douglas W. Schemske1 5 1Biology Department Box 355325 University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 2E-mail jramsey@ 4E-mail toby@ Abstract. Evolutionists have long recognized the role of reproductive isolation in speciation but the relative contributions of different reproductive barriers are poorly understood. We examined the nature of isolation between Mimulus lewisii and M. cardinalis sister species of monkeyflowers. Studied reproductive barriers include ecogeographic isolation pollinator isolation pollinator fidelity in a natural mixed population pollen competition seed set and hybrid production from experimental interspecific intraspecific and mixed pollinations in the greenhouse and relative hybrid fitness germination survivorship percent flowering biomass pollen viability and seed mass in the greenhouse . Additionally the rate of hybridization in nature was estimated from seed collections in a sympatric population. We found substantial reproductive barriers at multiple stages in the life history of M. lewisii and M. cardinalis. Using range maps constructed from herbarium collections we estimated that the different ecogeographic distributions of the species result in reproductive isolation. Mimulus lewisii and M. cardinalis are visited by different pollinators and in a region of sympatry of pollinator foraging bouts were specific to one species or the other. In the greenhouse interspecific pollinations generated nearly 50 fewer seeds than intraspecific controls. Mixed pollinations of M. cardinalis flowers yielded 75 parentals even when only one-quarter of the pollen treatment consisted of M. cardinalis pollen. In contrast both species had similar siring success on M. lewisii flowers. The observed occurrence of parental .

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