TAILIEUCHUNG - Digital Modulation in Communications Systems – An Introduction

This application note introduces the concepts of digital modulation used in many communications systems today. Emphasis is placed on explaining the tradeoffs that are made to optimize efficiencies in system design. Most communications systems fall into one of three categories: bandwidth efficient, power efficient, or cost efficient. Bandwidth efficiency describes the ability of a modulation scheme to accommodate data within a limited bandwidth. Power efficiency describes the ability of the system to reliably send information at the lowest practical power level. In most systems, there is a high priority on bandwidth efficiency. The parameter to be optimized depends on the. | F J HEWLETT PACKARD Digital Modulation in Communications Systems -An Introduction Application Note 1298 2 Introduction This application note introduces the concepts of digital modulation used in many communications systems today. Emphasis is placed on explaining the tradeoffs that are made to optimize efficiencies in system design. Most communications systems fall into one of three categories bandwidth efficient power efficient or cost efficient. Bandwidth efficiency describes the ability of a modulation scheme to accommodate data within a limited bandwidth. Power efficiency describes the ability of the system to reliably send information at the lowest practical power level. In most systems there is a high priority on bandwidth efficiency. The parameter to be optimized depends on the demands of the particular system as can be seen in the following two examples. For designers of digital terrestrial microwave radios their highest priority is good bandwidth efficiency with low bit-error-rate. They have plenty of power available and are not concerned with power efficiency. They are not especially concerned with receiver cost or complexity because they do not have to build large numbers of them. On the other hand designers of hand-held cellular phones put a high priority on power efficiency because these phones need to run on a battery. Cost is also a high priority because cellular phones must be low-cost to encourage more users. Accordingly these systems sacrifice some bandwidth efficiency to get power and cost efficiency. Every time one of these efficiency parameters bandwidth power or cost is increased another one decreases or becomes more complex or does not perform well in a poor environment. Cost is a dominant system priority. Low-cost radios will always be in demand. In the past it was possible to make a radio low-cost by sacrificing power and bandwidth efficiency. This is no longer possible. The radio spectrum is very valuable and operators who do not use the .

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