TAILIEUCHUNG - “Village Banks (Village Savings and Credit Groups) in Vientiane Capital, Laos” – Roadmap Scenarios for a Sustainable Future

The typical amount remitted per transaction by international migrants ranges from US$100 to US$1,000 (Sander and Maimbo 2003, 16). According to the World Bank (2004), the global average transaction value is US$200. Migrants make significant sacrifices to send an average of US$200 eight or more times per year to their home country. Several studies indicate that permanent migrants send about 15 per cent of their salary home, whereas temporary migrants may remit up to 50 per cent of their income (USAID 2002, quoted in Sander 2003a, 8). For the average Latin American or Caribbean migrant in the United States, who earns less than US$25,000 per year , remittances may account for nearly 10 per cent. | S Finanzgruppe Sparkassenstiftung fur internationale Kooperation Village Banks Village Savings and Credit Groups in Vientiane Capital Laos -Roadmap Scenarios for a Sustainable Future Bonner Schriftenreihe zur Entwicklungsfinanzierung S Finanzgruppe Sparkassenstiftung fur internationale Kooperation Sparkassen Savings Banks and Microfinance Some 200 years ago Europe experienced an economic and social turning point the start of the Industrial Revolution. Catchwords such as population explosion mass poverty hunger urbanisation exploitation and child labour characterised this era. The situation got even worse when at the same time the traditional society structures dissolved and many traditional welfare institutions disappeared. At this time the foundation of Sparkassen savings banks was an innovative approach to improve the population s living conditions. The aim was to particularly give the poorer strata of the population the opportunity to invest their savings on safe and interest-bearing terms. To be able to pay interest the savings banks had to invest the collected savings. This was done by granting small loans to local craftsmen traders and farmers as well as by financing the set-up of local infrastructures. In so doing the Sparkassen and their affiliated lending institutions - so to speak the credit departments of the savings banks - generated own interest yields and at the same time promoted the development of the local economy as side benefit. Back then and now the tool savings bank - or as it is called today microfinance - is an important and successful module of economic and social development. Sparkassen savings banks and development aid In the mid 60s the German Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe Savings Banks Finance Group was first approached by microfinance institutions and regional banks in Africa and Latin America and asked for advice and support with regard .

• Ngân hàng - Tín dụng
• Forest Utilization
• Adding Value
• Hemicellulose
• Performance
• Strategic Choices
• Subcontracting SMEs
• Forest Management
• Decisional Autonomy
• Ecoefficient Timber
• Economic Feasibility
• Logging Operations
• Regime Switching Models
• sound condition
• professional fees
• Remote Sensing
• Forestry Studies
• Operative Support
• educational scheme
• Báo cáo lâm nghiệp hay
• cách trình bày báo cáo
• báo cáo lâm nghiệp
• công trình nghiên cứu lâm nghiệp
• tài liệu về lâm nghiệp
• Achieve and maintain