TAILIEUCHUNG - Obesity and Air Pollution: Global Risk Factors for Pediatric Non-alco- holic Fatty Liver Disease

Over the last few years leaded petrols have been phased out of use. However this has resulted in higher levels of benzene and other aromatics in the substitute unleaded petrol. Benzene breaks down quickly in the environment and is not stored in the tissues of plants or animals. However, it is still hazardous to humans at high levels as it can cause several diseases of the blood including leukemia (cancer of the white blood cells). Benzene monitoring programmes were started in New Zealand in 1994 and are continuing because the levels in some locations were found. | KOWSAR Hepat Mon. 2011 11 10 in press. DOI Journal home page Obesity and Air Pollution Global Risk Factors for Pediatric Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Roya Kelishadi 1 2 Parinaz Poursafa 3 4 1 Pediatrics Department Child Health Promotion Research Center Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan IR Iran 2 Pediatrics Department Faculty of Medicine Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan IR Iran 3 Department of Environment and Energy Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran IR Iran 4 Environment Research Center Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan IR Iran ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article type Review Article Article history Received 12 Jun 2011 Revised 14 Jul 2011 Accepted 25 Jul 2011 Keywords Fatty Liver Child Obesity Environmental Exposure Prevention and Control Air Pollution Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease NAFLD is becoming as an important health problem in the pediatric age group. In addition to the well-documented role of obesity on the fatty changes in liver there is a growing body of evidence about the role of environmental factors such as smoking and air pollution in NAFLD. Given that excess body fat and exposure to air pollutants is accompanied by systemic low-grade inflammation oxidative stress as well as alterations in insulin insulin-like growth factor and insulin resistance all of which are etiological factors related to NAFLD an escalating trend in the incidence of pediatric NAFLD can be expected in the near future. This review focuses on the current knowledge regarding the epidemiology diagnosis and pathogenesis of pediatric NAFLD. The review also highlights the importance of studying the underlying mechanisms of pediatric NAFLD and the need for broadening efforts in prevention and control of the main risk factors. The two main universal risk factors for NAFLD obesity and air pollution have broad adverse health effects and reducing their prevalence will help abate the

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