TAILIEUCHUNG - ASPECTS OF PACEMAKERS – FUNCTIONS AND INTERACTIONS IN CARDIAC AND NON-CARDIAC INDICATIONS

Recently, Th17 cells were identified as a new subset of T helper cells unrelated to Th1 or Th2 cells. They are a subset of T helper cells characterized by IL-17 production, differentiated from naïve T cells in the presence of both transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and IL-6 in mice, and are implicated in the pathogenesis of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) (Langrish et al. 2005). Evidence suggests that the Th17 response may also pertain to inflammatory and autoimmune diseases in humans, such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and psoriasis. Several cytokines such as IL-21 and IL-23 are involved in regulating activation and differentiation. | ASPECTS OF PACEMAKERS - FUNCTIONS AND INTERACTIONS IN CARDIAC AND NON-CARDIAC INDICATIONS Edited by Oliver Vonend and Siegfried Eckert Aspects of Pacemakers - Functions and Interactions in Cardiac and Non-Cardiac Indications Edited by Oliver Vonend and Siegfried Eckert Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9 51000 Rijeka Croatia Copyright 2011 InTech All chapters are Open Access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Non Commercial Share Alike Attribution license which permits to copy distribute transmit and adapt the work in any medium so long as the original work is properly cited. After this work has been published by InTech authors have the right to republish it in whole or part in any publication of which they are the author and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published articles. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials instructions methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Dragana Manestar Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer Jan Hyrat Image Copyright skyhawk 2011. Used under license from First published August 2011 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@ Aspects of Pacemakers - Functions and Interactions in Cardiac and Non-Cardiac Indications Edited by Oliver Vonend and Siegfried Eckert p. cm. ISBN 978-953-307-616-4 ikrrr iJ OPEN ACCESS INI Cvn PUBLISHER INTECH open free online editions of InTech Books and Journals can be found at .

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