TAILIEUCHUNG - Antibody response to influenza vaccination in the elderly: A quantitative review

In general, evacuation plans are in place for all long term care settings. What varies most is how much has been actually tested, and what sectors have been involved in these drills and exercises. In many cases, the drills have been mostly simulated, the first responders and transportation mechanisms have not been adequately involved, and tracking systems and the mechanics of moving residents with documentation and medications have not been tested. Evacuation plans and drills must be taken to the next level of preparedness by involving all sectors and actually testing as much as possible | Available online at locate vaccine ELSEVIER Vaccine 24 2006 1159-1169 Antibody response to influenza vaccination in the elderly A quantitative review Katherine Goodwin a Cecile Viboudb Lone Simonsena a National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Office of Global Affairs 6610 Rockledge Drive Room 2033 Bethesda MD 20818 USA b Fogarty International Center National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA Received 2 June 2005 received in revised form 17 August 2005 accepted 26 August 2005 Available online 19 September 2005 Abstract We performed a quantitative review of 31 vaccine antibody response studies conducted from 1986 to 2002 and compared antibody responses to influenza vaccine in groups of elderly versus younger adults. We did a weighted analysis of the probability of vaccine response measured as seroconversion and seroprotection for each vaccine component H1 H3 and B antigens . Using a multiple regression model we adjusted for factors that might affect the vaccine response. The adjusted odds-ratio OR of responses in elderly versus young adults ranged from to in terms of seroconversion and seroprotection to all three antigens. The CDC estimates of 70-90 clinical vaccine efficacy in young adults and these estimates suggest a corresponding clinical efficacy in the elderly of 17-53 depending on circulating viruses. We conclude that the antibody response in the elderly is considerably lower than in younger adults. This highlights the need for more immunogenic vaccine formulations for the elderly. 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords Influenza vaccine Antibodies Aging immunology Review 1. Introduction Influenza is an increasingly common cause of hospitalization and death in the elderly 1 . In recent severe influenza A H3N2-dominated seasons there were as many as 60 000 influenza-related deaths among persons over 65 years of age and the majority of these were among persons aged 75 and older 2 . The .

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