TAILIEUCHUNG - Chapter 175. Cytomegalovirus and Human Herpesvirus Types 6, 7, and 8

Cytomegalovirus (CMV), which was initially isolated from patients with congenital cytomegalic inclusion disease, is now recognized as an important pathogen in all age groups. In addition to inducing severe birth defects, CMV causes a wide spectrum of disorders in older children and adults, ranging from an asymptomatic, subclinical infection to a mononucleosis syndrome in healthy individuals to disseminated disease in immunocompromised patients. Human CMV is one of several related species-specific viruses that cause similar diseases in various animals. All are associated with the production of characteristic enlarged cells—hence the name cytomegalovirus. CMV, a β-herpesvirus, has double-strand DNA, four. | Chapter 175. Cytomegalovirus and Human Herpesvirus Types 6 7 and 8 Definition Cytomegalovirus CMV which was initially isolated from patients with congenital cytomegalic inclusion disease is now recognized as an important pathogen in all age groups. In addition to inducing severe birth defects CMV causes a wide spectrum of disorders in older children and adults ranging from an asymptomatic subclinical infection to a mononucleosis syndrome in healthy individuals to disseminated disease in immunocompromised patients. Human CMV is one of several related species-specific viruses that cause similar diseases in various animals. All are associated with the production of characteristic enlarged cells hence the name cytomegalovirus. CMV a P-herpesvirus has double-strand DNA four species of mRNA a protein capsid and a lipoprotein envelope. Like other herpesviruses CMV demonstrates icosahedral symmetry replicates in the cell nucleus and can cause either a lytic and productive or a latent infection. CMV can be distinguished from other herpesviruses by certain biologic properties such as host range and type of cytopathology. Viral replication is associated with production of large intranuclear inclusions and smaller cytoplasmic inclusions. CMV appears to replicate in a variety of cell types in vivo in tissue culture it grows preferentially in fibroblasts. Although there is little evidence that CMV is oncogenic in vivo it does transform fibroblasts in rare instances and genomic transforming fragments have been identified. Epidemiology CMV has a worldwide distribution. Of newborns in the United States 1 are infected with CMV the percentage is higher in many less-developed countries. Communal living and poor personal hygiene facilitate early spread. Perinatal and early childhood infections are common. CMV may be present in breast milk saliva feces and urine. Transmission has occurred among young children in day-care centers and has been traced from infected toddler to pregnant .

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