TAILIEUCHUNG - WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FUNDS IN VIETNAM

The recommendations and principles from Agenda 21 cover water resources management in general, . including availability of water, demand regulation, supply and tariffs, whereas water pollution control should be considered as a subset of water resources management. Water resources management entails two closely related elements, that is the maintenance and development of adequate quantities of water of adequate quality (see Case Study V, South Africa). Thus, water resources management cannot be conducted properly without paying due attention to water quality aspects. It is very important to take note of this integrated relationship between water resources management and water pollution control. | ICEM BRIEF icem Climate Change I Biodiuerslty Water I Integrated Assessments WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FUNDS IN VIETNAM A Thanh Hoa Province 2012 ICEM This paper explores the role of environmental funds for helping control water pollution in Vietnam. Pollution control funds are urgently needed as a transitional mechanism for better managing the increasingly serious water pollution problem in terms of load concentration and toxicity. Such funds focus on providing financial and technical support for polluting firms so that Government commitments to pollution control can be met. The paper sets out the rationale for providing concessional funding for water pollution control describes current funding mechanisms for pollution control that are already in place and examines the main considerations in setting up funds. Seven key principles are proposed that should guide fund design and operation as a transitional measure while the needed policy administrative technological and enforcement capacities are gradually put in place. The final section outlines the particular benefits of developing Provincial Environmental Protection Funds as vehicles for integrated capacity building and pollution control funding. This paper is based on the findings and recommendations from a number of recent reports on pollution and pollution control in Vietnam - they include a national audit of pollution in manufacturing industries and review of pollution control legislation planning and administration in Vietnam conducted by ICEM for the World Bank ICEM 2007 a survey of financing demand amongst polluting establishments financing mechanisms for pollution control and the costs of wastewater treatment in Vietnam conducted by ICEM for JICA Vietnam ICEM 2010a a study of revolving funds for water pollution prevention also for JICA Vietnam ICEM 2010b and research by ICEM for the Asian Development Bank ICEM 2008 and by the World Bank on point source pollution issues in the Nhue-Day and Dong Nai river .

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