TAILIEUCHUNG - Chapter 017. Fever and Hyperthermia

In a neutral temperature environment, the metabolic rate of humans produces more heat than is necessary to maintain the core body temperature at 37° normal body temperature is ordinarily maintained, despite environmental variations, because the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center balances the excess heat production derived from metabolic activity in muscle and the liver with heat dissipation from the skin and lungs. | Chapter 017. Fever and Hyperthermia In a neutral temperature environment the metabolic rate of humans produces more heat than is necessary to maintain the core body temperature at 37 normal body temperature is ordinarily maintained despite environmental variations because the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center balances the excess heat production derived from metabolic activity in muscle and the liver with heat dissipation from the skin and lungs. According to studies of healthy individuals 18-40 years of age the mean oral temperature is C F with low levels at 6 . and higher levels at 4-6 . The maximum normal oral temperature is C F at 6 . and C F at 4 . these values define the 99th percentile for healthy individuals. In light of these studies an . temperature of C F or a . temperature of C F would define a fever. The normal daily temperature variation is typically C F . However in some individuals recovering from a febrile illness this daily variation can be as great as C. During a febrile illness the diurnal variation is usually maintained but at higher febrile levels. The daily temperature variation appears to be fixed in early childhood in contrast elderly individuals can exhibit a reduced ability to develop fever with only a modest fever even in severe temperatures are generally C F higher than oral readings. The lower oral readings are probably attributable to mouth breathing which is a factor in patients with respiratory infections and rapid breathing. Lower-esophageal temperatures closely reflect core temperature. Tympanic membrane TM thermometers measure radiant heat from the tympanic membrane and nearby ear canal and display that absolute value unadjusted mode or a value automatically calculated from the absolute reading on the basis of nomograms relating the radiant temperature measured to actual core temperatures obtained in clinical .

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