TAILIEUCHUNG - MARINE PROTECTED AREAS: TOOLS FOR SUSTAINING OCEAN ECOSYSTEMS

The concept of marine reserves has been repeatedly addressed in the past 25 years, but implementation and subsequent evaluation of these protected areas has been relatively infrequent until the past decade. In recent years, there has been strong advocacy for reserves among the conservation community and those concerned about losses of habitat and biodiversity in the sea. | . ARINE PROTECTED AREAS TOOLS FOR SUSTAINING OCEAN ECOSYSTEMS 4 PROTECTED AREAS TOOLS FOR SUSTAINING OCEAN ECOSYSTEMS Committee on the Evaluation Design and Monitoring of Marine Reserves and Protected Areas in the United States Ocean Studies Board Commission on Geosciences Environment and Resources National Research Council NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS Washington . NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS 2101 Constitution Ave. . Washington DC 20418 NOTICE The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences the National Academy of Engineering and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competencies and with regard for appropriate balance. This report and the committee were supported by grants from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration the National Park Service and the . Fish and Wildlife Service. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Marine protected areas tools for sustaining ocean ecosystems Committee on the Evaluation Design and Monitoring of Marine Reserves and Protected Areas in the United States Ocean Studies Board Commission on Geosciences Environment and Resources National Research Council. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references p. . ISBN 0-309-07286-7 hard 1. Marine parks and reserves. I. National Research Council . . Committee on the Evaluation Design and Monitoring Marine Reserves and Protected Areas in the United States. II. Title. M28 2001 4 dc21 2001000995 Marine Protected Areas Toolsfor Sustaining Ocean Ecosystems is available from the National Academy Press 2101 Constitution Avenue . Box 285 Washington DC 20055 800 624-6242 or 202 334-3313 in the Washington Metropolitan area Internet http .

• Sinh học
• Conservation Goals
• Fishery Management
• Marine Ecosystems
• Monitoring Programs
• Temporal closures
• Energy conservation
• Energy management
• Maqashid al shariah
• Sustainable development goals
• Islamic economics
• Cultural heritage
• Preservation of cultural heritage
• Vietnamese culture
• Cultural identity
• Human development goals comprehensively
• Comprehensive human development