TAILIEUCHUNG - EPA Has Improved Its Review of Effluent Guidelines but Could Benefit from More Information on Treatment Technologies

Breathing clean air is important to maintain our health. Thousands of us live in areas where the air is sometimes considered unhealthy to breathe because it is polluted. One common air pollutant is ground-level ozone. The effects of ground-level ozone pollution are different than the effects of the ozone layer high up in the atmosphere, which helps protect us from receiving too much of the sun’s ultraviolet radiation. At ground level, ozone can cause breathing difficulties, aggravate lung diseases, such as asthma, and may cause permanent lung damage. An easy way to remember the different types of ozone is: “Good. | United States Government Accountability Office GAO Report to the Ranking Member Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure House of Representatives September 2012 WATER POLLUTION EPA Has Improved Its Review of Effluent Guidelines but Could Benefit from More Information on Treatment Technologies GAO-12-845 September 2012 ÀG AO Accountability Integrity Reliability Highlights Highlights of GAO-12-845 a report to the Ranking Member Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure House of Representatives Why GAO Did This Study Under the Clean Water Act EPA has made significant progress in reducing wastewater pollution from industrial facilities. EPA currently regulates 58 industrial categories such as petroleum refining fertilizer manufacturing and coal mining with technology-based regulations called effluent guidelines. Such guidelines are applied in permits to limit the pollutants that facilities may discharge. The Clean Water Act also calls for EPA to revise the guidelines when appropriate. EPA has done so for example to reflect advances in treatment technology or changes in industries. GAO was asked to examine 1 the process EPA follows to screen and review industrial categories potentially needing new or revised guidelines and the results of that process from 2003 through 2010 2 limitations to this process if any that could hinder EPA s effectiveness in advancing the goals of the Clean Water Act and 3 ePa s actions to address any such limitations. GAO analyzed the results of EPA s screening and review process from 2003 through 2010 surveyed state officials and interviewed EPA officials and experts to obtain their views on EPA s process and its results. What GAO Recommends GAO is making recommendations to improve the effectiveness of EPA s effluent guidelines program by expanding its screening phase to better assess hazards and advances in treatment technology. EPA .

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