TAILIEUCHUNG - Vaccine-preventable diseases, vaccines and vaccination

Over the years since the adoption and subsequent ratification of the Convention on the Rights of the Child by 193 countries, significant efforts and great strides have been made to ensure that children (defined as people under the age of 18), regardless of gender, origin, religion or disability status, need special care and protection because they are often the most vulnerable. Accordingly, today, more than ever before, young people are recognized as rights-bearing citizens and are playing an active role in asserting their rights. In 2002, the global community built on its commitments to children, when the United Nations General Assembly held a Special Session on Children, in which 189 Member States reaffirmed their earlier. | CHAPTER 6 Vaccine-preventable diseases vaccines and vaccination General considerations Vaccination is the administration of a vaccine to stimulate a protective immune response that will prevent disease in the vaccinated person if contact with the corresponding infectious agent occurs subsequently. Thus vaccination if successful results in immunization the vaccinated person has been immunized. In practice the terms vaccination and immunization are often used interchangeably. Disease prevention Vaccination is a highly effective method of preventing certain infectious diseases. For the individual and for society in terms of public health prevention is better and more cost-effective than cure. Vaccines are generally very safe and adverse reactions are uncommon. Routine immunization programmes protect most of the world s children from a number of infectious diseases that previously claimed millions of lives each year. For travellers vaccination offers the possibility of avoiding a number of dangerous infections that may be encountered abroad. However vaccines have not yet been developed against several of the most lifethreatening infections including malaria and HIV AIDS. Vaccination and other precautions Despite their success in preventing disease vaccines do not fully protect 100 of the recipients. The vaccinated traveller should not assume that there is no risk of catching the disease s against which he she has been vaccinated. All additional precautions against infection see Chapter 5 should be followed carefully regardless of any vaccines or other medication that have been administered. These same precautions are important in reducing the risk of acquiring diseases for which no vaccines exist. 87 INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL AND HEALTH 2005 Planning before travel The protective effect of vaccines takes some time to develop following vaccination. The immune response of the vaccinated individual will become fully effective within a period of time that varies according to the

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