TAILIEUCHUNG - Kangas - Ecological Engineering - Principles and Practice - Chapter 6

6 Ecological Engineering for Solid Waste Management Humans generate solid wastes as by-products from all of their activities. Disposing of these solid wastes has become a challenge, especially as population densities have grown. | 6 Ecological Engineering for Solid Waste Management INTRODUCTION Humans generate solid wastes as by-products from all of their activities. Disposing of these solid wastes has become a challenge especially as population densities have grown. Waste deposits . garbage dumps have been associated with human habitation since prehistoric times. For example the ancient cultures of the East and Gulf coasts of the . left huge piles of shells from marine molluscs they had eaten. Called middens these piles indicate past settlement patterns. In this regard one of the most interesting studies on modern solid wastes has been conducted from the perspective of the archaeologist Rathje and Murphy 1992a 1992b Rathje and Psihoyos 1991 . This was the Garbage Project which spanned more than two decades at the University of Arizona. Its approach was to view solid waste as a reflection of the material culture of modern society in the same way that archeologists have studied past civilizations. Solid waste consists of a diversity of objects from a variety of sources. In most cases materials from different sources are collected and mixed together to form municipal solid waste. Approximate contributions to municipal solid waste in the . are as follows 50 residential 25 commercial industrial and institutional Hickman 1999 . The composition of this waste from the Garbage Project is shown in Figure . This data came from actual excavations of modern landfills conducted like archaeological digs. Paper including packaging newspapers telephone books glossy magazines mail-order catalogs etc. dominates all other waste categories in this survey. On a more personal basis Table shows production from the author s household for the year 2000 when the first draft of this book was being written. On a seasonal basis peaks in total trash production occurred in March with spring cleaning and in December with extra holiday trash. The average solid waste generation was lbs person .

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