TAILIEUCHUNG - OCA /OCP Oracle Database 11g A ll-in-One Exam Guide- P72

OCA /OCP Oracle Database 11g A ll-in-One Exam Guide- P72:There is an ever increasing demand for staff with IT industry certification. The benefits to employers are significant—they can be certain that staff have a certain level of competence—and the benefits to the individuals, in terms of demand for their services, are equally great. Many employers are now requiring technical staff to have certifications, and many IT purchasers will not buy from firms that do not have certified staff. | OCA OCP Oracle Database 11g All-in-One Exam Guide 666 Understanding Asynchronous and Synchronous I O When RMAN reads or writes data the I O operations are either synchronous or asynchronous. A synchronous I O operation limits a server process from performing more than one operation at a time. It must wait for one operation to finish before another can start. As you might expect an asynchronous operation can initiate an I O operation and immediately perform other operations including initiating another I O operation. You can use initialization parameters to control the type of I O operations. For tape backups you can set BACKUP_TAPE_IO_SLAVES to TRUE to configure backups for asynchronous operations. Otherwise set it to FALSE for synchronous operations. The default is FALSE. For disk backups most modern operating systems support native asynchronous I O. However if your operating system does not support it you can still set BACKUP_ TAPE_IO_SLAVES to TRUE and direct Oracle to simulate asynchronous I O by setting DBWR_IO_SLAVES to a nonzero value. This allocates four backup disk I O slaves to simulate RMAN asynchronous I O operations. Monitoring Asynchronous I O To monitor asynchronous I O operations you use the dynamic performance view V BACKUP_ASYNC_IO. The key columns to watch are the following IO_COUNT Number of I Os performed on the file LONG_WAITS Number of times the backup or restore process had to tell the OS to wait for the I O to complete SHORT_WAIT_TIME_TOTAL Total time in hundredths of a second taken for nonblocking polling for I O completion LONG_WAIT_TIME_TOTAL Total time in hundredths of a second taken while blocking waits for I O completion The largest ratio of LONG_WAITS to IO_COUNT is a likely bottleneck in the backup process. SHORT_WAIT_TIME_TOTAL and LONG_WAIT_TIME_TOTAL are also indicators of a bottleneck if they are nonzero. This example identifies two input files with nonzero ratios SQL select long_waits io_count waitcountratio filename 2 from v .

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