TAILIEUCHUNG - Chapter 027. Aphasia, Memory Loss, and Other Focal Cerebral Disorders (Part 2)

Language allows the communication and elaboration of thoughts and experiences by linking them to arbitrary symbols known as words. The neural substrate of language is composed of a distributed network centered in the perisylvian region of the left hemisphere. The posterior pole of this network is located at the temporoparietal junction and includes a region known as Wernicke's area. An essential function of Wernicke's area is to transform sensory inputs into their lexical representations so that these can establish the distributed associations that give the word its meaning. . | Chapter 027. Aphasia Memory Loss and Other Focal Cerebral Disorders Part 2 THE LEFT PERISYLVIAN NETWORK FOR LANGUAGE APHASIAS AND RELATED CONDITIONS Language allows the communication and elaboration of thoughts and experiences by linking them to arbitrary symbols known as words. The neural substrate of language is composed of a distributed network centered in the perisylvian region of the left hemisphere. The posterior pole of this network is located at the temporoparietal junction and includes a region known as Wernicke s area. An essential function of Wernicke s area is to transform sensory inputs into their lexical representations so that these can establish the distributed associations that give the word its meaning. The anterior pole of the language network is located in the inferior frontal gyrus and includes a region known as Broca s area. An essential function of this area is to transform lexical representations into their articulatory sequences so that the words can be uttered in the form of spoken language. The sequencing function of Broca s area also appears to involve the ordering of words into sentences that contain a meaning-appropriate syntax grammar . Wernicke s and Broca s areas are interconnected with each other and with additional perisylvian temporal prefrontal and posterior parietal regions making up a neural network subserving the various aspects of language function. Damage to any one of these components or to their interconnections can give rise to language disturbances aphasia Aphasia should be diagnosed only when there are deficits in the formal aspects of language such as naming word choice comprehension spelling and syntax. Dysarthria and mutism do not by themselves lead to a diagnosis of aphasia. The language network shows a left hemisphere dominance pattern in the vast majority of the population. In 90 of right handers and 60 of left handers aphasia occurs only after lesions of the left hemisphere. In some individuals no hemispheric .

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