TAILIEUCHUNG - Ideas of Quantum Chemistry P19

Ideas of Quantum Chemistry P19 shows how quantum mechanics is applied to chemistry to give it a theoretical foundation. The structure of the book (a TREE-form) emphasizes the logical relationships between various topics, facts and methods. It shows the reader which parts of the text are needed for understanding specific aspects of the subject matter. Interspersed throughout the text are short biographies of key scientists and their contributions to the development of the field. | 146 4. Exact Solutions - Our Beacons The solution to this equation is given by which may also be written as A sin Kx B cos kx with 2 h 2 Now the key is to recall p. 74 Fig. that the wave function has to be continuous and therefore two conditions have to be fulfilled 1 0 for x 0 and 2 0 for x L. The first condition immediately gives B 0 the second in this situation is equivalent to kL nn for n 0 1 . From this follows energy quantization because k contains energy E. One obtains therefore the following solution a standing wave7 n2h2 En r 2 n 1 2 3 . 8mL2 y L sinnnX n 1 2 3 --- because n 0 has to be excluded as leading to the wave function equal to zero everywhere while n 0 may be safely excluded as leading to the same wave functions as8 n 0. Fig. shows the wave functions for n 1 2 3. 2D rectangular box Let us consider a rectangular box Fig. with sides L1 and L2 and V 0 inside and V rc outside. We very easily obtain the solution to the Schrodinger equation after a straightforward separation of variables x and y leading to the two 1D Schrodinger equations. The energy eigenvalue is equal to the sum of the energies for the 1D problems e h ni d A 8m L1 L2 while the wave function has form of the product n1n2 2 Isin y x sin y y L1L2 L1 L2 where ni n2 1 2 . 7Recall that any stationary state has a trivial time-dependence through the factor exp iEh t . A standing wave at any time t has a standing-still pattern of the nodes . the points x with 0. 8With the opposite sign but it does not matter. Particle in a box 147 Fig. . The wave functions for the particle in a box corresponding to n 1 2 3. Note the increasing number of nodes when the energy Ei of the stationary state increases. Example 1. Butadiene naively The particle-in-box problem has more to do with chemistry than would appear at first glance. In organic chemistry we consider some molecules with conjugate double and single bonds one of the simplest is butadiene - . What .

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