TAILIEUCHUNG - Chapter 006. Women's Health (Part 2)

Women's risk for many diseases increases at menopause, which occurs at a median age of years. In the industrialized world, women spend one-third of their lives in the postmenopausal period. Estrogen levels fall abruptly at menopause, inducing a variety of physiologic and metabolic responses. Rates of cardiovascular disease increase and bone density begins to decrease rapidly after menopause. In the United States, women live on average about 5 years longer than men, with a life expectancy at birth in 2004 of years, compared to years in men. Elderly women outnumber elderly men, so that age-related conditions, such as hypertension,. | Chapter 006. Women s Health Part 2 Women s risk for many diseases increases at menopause which occurs at a median age of years. In the industrialized world women spend one-third of their lives in the postmenopausal period. Estrogen levels fall abruptly at menopause inducing a variety of physiologic and metabolic responses. Rates of cardiovascular disease increase and bone density begins to decrease rapidly after menopause. In the United States women live on average about 5 years longer than men with a life expectancy at birth in 2004 of years compared to years in men. Elderly women outnumber elderly men so that age-related conditions such as hypertension have a female preponderance. However the difference in life expectancy between men and women has decreased an average of year every year since 1980 and if this convergence in mortality figures continues it is projected that mortality rates will be similar by 2054. Women s perception of disease risk is often inaccurate. Public awareness campaigns have resulted in almost 50 of . women knowing that cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in women. Nevertheless the condition they fear most is breast cancer despite the fact that death rates from breast cancer have been falling since the 1990s. In any given decade of life a woman s risk for breast cancer never exceeds 1 in 34. Although a woman s lifetime risk of developing breast cancer if she lives past 85 years is about 1 in 9 it is much more likely that she will die from cardiovascular disease than from breast cancer. In other words many elderly women have breast cancer but die from other causes. Similarly a minority of women are aware that lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women. These misconceptions are unfortunate as they perpetuate inadequate attention to modifiable risk factors such as dyslipidemia hypertension and cigarette smoking. Physicians are also less likely to recognize women s risk for cardiovascular .

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