TAILIEUCHUNG - Chapter 002. Global Issues in Medicine (Part 4)

Nearly 20% ( million) of the 56 million dead in 2001 were children | Chapter 002. Global Issues in Medicine Part 4 Nearly 20 million of the 56 million dead in 2001 were children 5 years of age who died of acute respiratory infections measles diarrhea malaria and HIV AIDS Fig. 2-1 . Of these deaths 99 occurred in middle- and low-income countries and fully 40 occurred in sub-Saharan Africa. If stillbirths are counted the number of childhood deaths rises to million worldwide 25 of all deaths worldwide of which more than half . one-eighth of all deaths occurred before the first birthday. Between 1990 and 2001 under-five childhood mortality dropped by 30 in high-income countries Latin America the Caribbean the Middle East North Africa and the middle- and low-income countries of Europe and Central Asia. Notably the total number of deaths from diarrheal diseases dropped from million in 1990 to million in 2001 probably as a result of the increased use of oral rehydration therapy in poor countries. Malaria and HIV infection were the only two conditions for which childhood death rates increased between 1990 and 2001. Among persons 15-59 years of age Fig. 2-2 noncommunicable diseases accounted for more than half of all deaths in all regions except South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa where communicable diseases maternal and perinatal conditions and nutritional deficiencies together accounted for one-third and two-thirds of all deaths respectively. The 15- to 59-year-olds with noncommunicable conditions in low- and middle-income countries faced a 30 greater risk of death from their conditions than did their peers in high-income countries. In this age group injuries accounted for 25 of all deaths Europe and Central Asia registered even higher rates with injuries accounting for one-third of all deaths. Overall death rates in this age group declined between 1990 and 2001 in all regions except Europe and Central Asia where cardiovascular diseases and injuries have caused increased mortality and sub-Saharan Africa where the impact

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