TAILIEUCHUNG - The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 64

The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 64. The book is alphabetized by the whole headings of entries, as distinct from the first word of a heading. Hence, for example, abandonment comes before a priori and a posteriori. It is wise to look elsewhere if something seems to be missing. At the end of the book there is also a useful appendix on Logical Symbols as well as the appendices A Chronological Table of Philosophy and Maps of Philosophy. | 610 mind problems of the philosophy of Epiphenomenalism however has difficulties of its own. For one thing it isn t clear that physical-to-mental causation is any easier to understand than mental-to-physical causation. Second and far more importantly depriving the mental of causal powers simply goes against almost all of what we believe about mentality that is about us. To most of us it is just not believable to say that our desires and intentions have nothing to do with what we do or that the same human civilization would have developed even if no humans had ever had a thought an idea or a hope. Mental causation is a simple matter for physical reduc-tionism for it identifies mentality with physical processes and this means that mental causation is simply a species of physical causation. But reductionism has not been a popular option for some time. Non-reductive physicalism which arguably is the current orthodoxy on the mindbody problem encounters serious difficulties with the causal closure of the physical if the physical domain is causally closed as all serious physicalists believe how can mental states states that are irreducibly distinct from the physical inject their causal influence into the physical domain The problem of mental causation remains a central issue in the continuing debate over the nature of mind. 4. Intentionality. Wittgenstein asked What makes my image of him into an image of him Many mental states including thoughts beliefs and desires are intentional in Brentano s sense that is they are about or directed upon an object. My thought that Boston is to the north of New York is about and is directed upon or refers to Boston and New York. As earlier noted Brentano claimed that intentionality is the defining characteristic of mentality. Earlier debates on intentionality during the twentieth century notably R. M. Chisholm s work focused on the project of validating Brentano s thesis by providing a precise definition of intentionality. Mentality .

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