TAILIEUCHUNG - The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 55

The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 55. The book is alphabetized by the whole headings of entries, as distinct from the first word of a heading. Hence, for example, abandonment comes before a priori and a posteriori. It is wise to look elsewhere if something seems to be missing. At the end of the book there is also a useful appendix on Logical Symbols as well as the appendices A Chronological Table of Philosophy and Maps of Philosophy. | 520 life the meaning of they are why should I not adopt them anyway without bothering whether they are God s Another version of the question focuses not on our individual lives but on the whole scheme of things what is the point of it all An implication of this in the spirit if not in the letter seems to be that without some overall purpose in things all our own projects are somehow worthless or doomed to frustration. But why should that be so Often the underlying thought seems to be that real values can only exist if they are permanent. But why should something in itself valueless acquire value by being permanent or belonging to a set of things which is permanent The value of my having just passed my exam and the disvalue of having painfully stubbed my toe are surely not affected if the sun will explode in eight billion years and I myself face annihilation somewhat sooner Perhaps the thought is that our projects will fail unless ultimately God is on our side . But our short-term projects often succeed. Sometimes events may later make us wish they had not done so but this is relatively rare and often success is definite and there are no hidden snags. But now perhaps the question broadens into something else what are the conditions for our lives to reach ultimate success Many philosophers have held with Sidgwick that ultimately nothing can be of value but certain conscious states for how could values exist without conscious beings to appreciate them But recently this inference has been attacked. No doubt a lifeless desert would lack value pace G. E. Moore who thought that if it was beautiful it would not but perhaps the value of at least many conscious states presupposes that their owners value other things how for instance could one see any value in the state of mind consequent on fulfilling one s ambition to climb Everest if one saw no value in having climbed Everest which is not itself a state of mind The question then becomes how should we assess these further .

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