TAILIEUCHUNG - Longman grammar of spoken and written english part 38

Tham khảo tài liệu 'longman grammar of spoken and written english part 38', ngoại ngữ, ngữ pháp tiếng anh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Modals and semi-modals 495 The modal must is particularly intriguing here because its distribution runs counter to the expectation of personal involvement the extrinsic meaning of logical necessity is most common in conversation while the intrinsic meaning of personal obligation is most common in academic prose. Must marking logical necessity in conversation Your mum must not care conv It must have fallen out trying to fly. conv Your feet must feel wet now. conv Must marking personal obligation in academic prose I must now confess something which I kept back from you in Chapter 3. acad The permanence of dams already constructed must be ensured states Gorrie 1954a by carrying out whatever can be done to stop erosion acad This is the sort of case in which judges must exercise the discretionary power described a moment ago. acad f The relative rarity of must marking personal obligation in conversation is probably due to the strong directive force this modal has when used in face-to-face interaction. The modal should provides a hedged expression of obligation that is typically regarded as more polite. In academic prose since there is no individual addressee the use of must meaning personal obligation is not interpreted as confrontational. Finally both must and should are relatively common expressing logical necessity in academic prose It must surely be the case that the cat is competent to act as observer of its own survival or demise acad All explanations of chemists must remain without fruit. acad J If the preceding work has been done with care there should be few if any off-types acad The volition prediction modals and semi-modals CORPUS FINDINGS 2 910 In academic prose volition prediction modals are used most of the time to mark prediction. Will is particularly common and would is also relatively common expressing prediction. Shall is noteworthy in that it marks volition more often than prediction although it is generally rare in both functions . In .

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