TAILIEUCHUNG - The grammar of the english verb phrase part 42

Tham khảo tài liệu 'the grammar of the english verb phrase part 42', ngoại ngữ, ngữ pháp tiếng anh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 280 5. The absolute use of the present perfect then account for the twenty years and are thus treated as filling the period up to now. In other words the subsituations mentioned are selected according to what the speaker deems relevant as filling and characterizing the period leading up to now. This phenomenon is similar to the phenomenon that one can say I am establishing a multinational corporation although one is actually watching a movie at t0. In the example under discussion the perfect forms refer to situations which fill a period leading up to now that is set up by the time-specifying adverbial in the preceding sentence for the last twenty years establishes an Adv-time. As noted in an Adv-time contains the situation time in terms of either inclusion or coincidence in this example it is in terms of coincidence . Since one of the uses of the progressive form is to express that a situation is continuous i. e. in progress throughout a given period the progressive form is used to refer to the present perfect situation filling the pre-present. In sum the only difference between 4 and 5 below is that the filled Adv-time is a past time span in 4 and a pre-present one in 5 4 From two to four I was writing a letter to our sponsors. 5 uttered on coming out of the study For the last two hours I ve been writing a letter to our sponsors. Examples 6 and 7 are similar to 5 except that in 7 the pre-present period is to be inferred rather than being expressed by a time-specifying adverbial 6 What have you been doing for the last two hours With what action s have you filled the last two hours 7 What have you been doing This implies something like since I last saw you which could imply a period of two minutes as in A couple of minutes ago you disappeared but now you ve reappeared and I can see you ve been up to something what have you been doing or twenty years as above. The fact that questions 6 7 can easily be put to someone who is just coming in or has just come in .

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