TAILIEUCHUNG - The grammar of the english verb phrase part 73

Time spheres and time zones have to do with the way in which tenses in English divide up time. The concept of temporal domain accounts for the way in which temporal relations between situation times are expressed by tenses, or not, as the case may be. (See chap¬ter 8). | IV. T-relations in a post-present domain 497 the fact that the two situations do not really overlap but concentrates on the fact that they follow each other closely and that there is some logical relation between them. The use of a tense form whose basic function is the expression of T-simultaneity then means that the speaker treats the two situations as belonging to the same occasion and hence as falling within the same time Another clear illustration of such a use is provided by examples like the following where the relevant verb form is a form whose basic meaning is the expression of simultaneity viz. a present participle Opening the drawer he took out an old photo of a man in uniform. Raising the lid of the well she pointed to the green water. The locomotive jumped the rails narrowly missing a couple of trees near the railway. In these examples the situation referred to in the present participle clause either precedes in the first two examples or follows in the third example the head clause situation. The fact that verb forms expressing T-simultaneity can be used in a sloppy way illustrates the fact that T-simultaneity is the unmarked relation of the three that can be expressed by verb forms. This is especially clear in conditional sentences referring to the post-present where the expression of a temporal relation between the two clauses is less important than the expression of the logical link if p then q . In such conditional sentences the -clause is therefore likely to use a tense form expressing T-anteriority only if it contains a time adverbial like by 5 o clock as in I will punish you if you haven t finished by 5 o clock . Otherwise it normally involves a tense form expressing simultaneity. This may even be the case when the two clauses contain adverbials referring to different times as in If John doesn t do it today I will do it myself tomorrow. In such a sentence the speaker represents the two situations as if simultaneous if he is just .

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