TAILIEUCHUNG - The complete guide to the toefl test part 117

You can also improve your English outside of the classroom. Reading English-language books, magazines, and newspapers can improve your reading skills and build your vocabulary. So can visits to English-language Web sites. Going to lectures and movies, watching TVt and listening to news on the radio are ways to improve your listening skills. | Reading Section 787 It was through the Rosetta Stone that scholars learned how to read Egyptian hieroglyphs. The hieroglyphic alphabet one of the earliest writing systems ever developed had been used by the Egyptians for 3 500 years. However it is far more complex than simple picture writing and contains thousands of symbols. After Egypt was conquered by the Romans Latin became the dominant language and by the fourth century . no one could understand the symbols. Before the Rosetta Stone was discovered some scholars even believed that hieroglyphs were not really an alphabet at all but were merely decorations. Copies of the Rosetta Stone were sent by the British Museum to linguists all over Europe but learning which Creek word represented which hieroglyph proved difficult. It was the brilliant French linguist Jean François Champollion who finally unlocked the mystery. He began studying the Rosetta Stone at the age of 18. After fourteen years he deciphered the code. In a letter to the French Royal Academy of Inscriptions he explained the three basic assumptions that led to a translation 1 The Coptic Egyptian language still spoken by a small group of Egyptians was the final stage of the ancient Egyptian language. Champollion could consult with experts on Coptic Egyptian to learn about Ptolemaic Egyptian. 2 Hieroglyphs served not only as symbols of words and ideas ideograms but also as symbols of spoken sounds phonograms . 3 Certain hieroglyphs enclosed in ovals were phonetic transcriptions of pharaohs names. Once these hieroglyphs were understood it was easier to decipher the rest. Armed with Champollion s translation scholars all over the world took a new interest in Egypt and laid the foundation for our understanding of this ancient civilization. The Rosetta Stone is still displayed at the British Museum and is one of the most popular exhibits there but the Egyptian government wants it back. In 2003 Dr. Zahi Hawass director of the Supreme Council of Antiquities .

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