TAILIEUCHUNG - Gale Encyclopedia Of American Law 3Rd Edition Volume 2 P52

Gale Encyclopedia of American Law Volume 2 P52 fully illuminates today's leading cases, major statutes, legal terms and concepts, notable persons involved with the law, important documents and more. Legal issues are fully discussed in easy-to-understand language, including such high-profile topics as the Americans with Disabilities Act, capital punishment, domestic violence, gay and lesbian rights, physician-assisted suicide and thousands more. | 498 CODIFICATION Not until the sixth century . did Rome under emperor Justinian I accomplish a complete codification of its laws. The Code of Justinian known as the corpus juris civilis Body of Civil Laws became the legal authority of Rome in 533-34 . Justinian s code completely revised imperial laws omitted obsolete contradictory and repetitive laws and contained a digest of legal essays for guidance. The corpus juris Civilis was a landmark in legal history and it served as the basis for modern civil law systems. Civil law systems based on comprehensive codes were installed in such countries as Germany France Austria switzerland italy Japan and Spain. Common law systems based on case precedents developed in England South Africa and Australia. Jurisprudence in colonial America was based on the English common law system. At first all American colonies enacted laws but none of these statutes purported to be a comprehensive codification of court procedures or of substantive areas of law such as criminal law real and personal property law or admiralty law . Early codification efforts were limited in scope to basic concepts and general criminal prohibitions. In 1611 Virginia became the first colony to adopt and print a body of laws. Massachusetts wrote the Liberties of the Massachusetts Colony of New England in 1641 and then the Laws and Liberties of Massachusetts in 1648. The Massachusetts codes identified simple rules of conduct based on biblical principles. Connecticut published its first code in 1650. Idolatry blasphemy and witchcraft were identified as capital offenses in its Book of General Laws. In 1665 Long Island and westchester New York adopted a set of laws relating to the rights of persons and property and to civil and criminal procedures. Aside from these and similar laws jurisprudence in colonial America was guided by precedent. The civil law system and the common law system were driven by diverging philosophies. proponents of comprehensive .

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