TAILIEUCHUNG - IELTS Academic Reading 31

Hi vọng IELTS Academic Reading 31 sẽ cung cấp những kiến thức bổ ích cho các bạn trong quá trình ôn tập nâng cao kiến thức trước khi bước vào kì thi của mình. Mời các bạn cùng tham khảo. | IELTS Academic Reading 31 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 29-40 which are based on Reading Passage 31 below. ARCHITECTURE - Reaching for the Sky Architecture is the art and science of designing buildings and structures. A building reflects the scientific and technological achievements of the age as well as the ideas and aspirations of the designer and client. The appearance of individual buildings however is often controversial. The use of an architectural style cannot be said to start or finish on a specific date. Neither is it possible to say exactly what characterises a particular movement. But the origins of what is now generally known as modern architecture can be traced back to the social and technological changes of the 18th and 19th centuries. Instead of using timber stone and traditional building techniques architects began to explore ways of creating buildings by using the latest technology and materials such as steel glass and concrete strengthened steel bars known as reinforced concrete. Technological advances also helped bring about the decline of rural industries and an increase in urban populations as people moved to the towns to work in the new factories. Such rapid and uncontrolled growth helped to turn parts of cities into slums. By the 1920s architects throughout Europe were reacting against the conditions created by industrialisation. A new style of architecture emerged to reflect more idealistic notions for the future. It was made possible by new materials and construction techniques and was known as Modernism. By the 1930s many buildings emerging from this movement were designed in the International Style. This was largely characterised by the bold use of new materials and simple geometric forms often with white walls supported by stiltlike pillars. These were stripped of unnecessary decoration that would detract from their primary purpose to be used or lived in. Walter Gropius Charles Jeanneret better known as Le Corbusier and

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