TAILIEUCHUNG - Tự điển Food Science, Technology And Nutrition - Vần G

Tham khảo tài liệu 'tự điển food science, technology and nutrition - vần g', nông - lâm - ngư, nông nghiệp phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 205 fungi Subdivision of Thallophyta plants without differentiation into root stem and leaf cannot photosynthesise all are parasites or saprophytes. Microfungi are moulds as opposed to larger fungi which are mushrooms and toadstools. yeasts are sometimes classed with fungi. Mycorrhizal fungi form symbiotic associations with tree roots. Species of moulds such as Pénicillium Aspergillus etc. are important causes of food spoilage in the presence of oxygen and relatively high humidity. Those that produce toxins mycotoxins are especially problematical. On the other hand species of Pénicillium such as P cambertii and P rocquefortii are desirable and essential in the ripening of some types of cheese. A number of larger fungi mushrooms are cultivated and other wild species are harvested for their delicate flavour. The mycelium of smaller fungi including Graphium Fusarium and Rhizopus spp. are grown commercially on waste carbohydrate as a rich source of protein mycoprotein for food manufacture. furans Derivatives of five-membered heterocyclic compounds C4H4O associated with caramel-like sweet fruity nutty and meaty flavours in foods formed in foods by the maillard reaction and thermal degradation of carbohydrates. furcellaran Danish agar an anionic sulphated polysaccharide extracted from the red alga Furcellaria fastigiata structurally similar to carrageenan used as a gelling agent. fusel oil Alcoholic fermentation produces about 95 alcohol and 5 fusel oil a mixture of organic acids higher alcohols propyl butyl and amyl aldehydes and esters known collectively as congeners. Present in low concentration in wines and beer and high concentration in pot-still spirit. On maturation of the liquor fusel oil changes and imparts the special flavour to the spirit. Many of the symptoms of hangover can be attributed to fusel oil in alcoholic beverages. fussol Monofluoroacetamide a systemic insecticide for treating fruit. F value The time required to destroy a given percentage of .

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