TAILIEUCHUNG - Internetworking with TCP/IP- P58

Internetworking with TCP/IP- P58: TCP/IP has accommodated change well. The basic technology has survived nearly two decades of exponential growth and the associated increases in traffic. The protocols have worked over new high-speed network technologies, and the design has handled applications that could not be imagined in the original design. Of course, the entire protocol suite has not remained static. New protocols have been deployed, and new techniques have been developed to adapt existing protocols to new network technologies | Sec. Uniform Resource Locators 529 http people comer specifies the author s Web page. The server operates on computer and the document is named people comer . The protocol standards distinguish between the absolute form of a URL illustrated above and a relative form. A relative URL which is seldom seen by a user is only meaningful when the server has already been determined. Relative URLs are useful once communication has been established with a specific server. For example when communicating with server only the string people comer is needed to specify the document named by the absolute URL above. We can summarize. Each Web page is assigned a unique identifier known as a Uniform Resource Locator URL . The absolute form of a URL contains a full specification a relative form that omits the address of the server is only useful when the server is implicitly known. An Example Document In principle Web access is straightforward. All access originates with a URL a user either enters a URL via the keyboard or selects an item which provides the browser with a URL. The browser parses the URL extracts the information and uses it to obtain a copy of the requested page. Because the format of the URL depends on the scheme the browser begins by extracting the scheme specification and then uses the scheme to determine how to parse the rest of the URL. An example will illustrate how a URL is produced from a selectable link in a document. In fact a document contains a pair of values for each link an item to be displayed on the screen and a URL to follow if the user selects the item. In HTML the pair of tags A and A are known as an anchor. The anchor defines a link a URL is added to the first tag and items to be displayed are placed between the two tags. The browser stores the URL internally and follows it when the user selects the link. For example the following HTML document contains a selectable link HIML The author

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