TAILIEUCHUNG - The evolutionary path from C3 to C4 photosynthesis: A review

The C4 photosynthetic carbon cycle can be explained as the elaborated addition to the C3 photosynthetic pathway. It is a unique series of biochemical, anatomical and regulatory gene characteristics that concentrate CO2around the carboxylating enzyme Rubisco, thereby increasing photosynthetic efficiency during high rates of photorespiration. The C4 photosynthetic pathway has evolved as an adaptation to high light intensities, high temperatures and dryness, therefore in the warmer climates of the tropical and subtropical dominating the grassland floras and biomass production. C4 photosynthesis originated more than 40 times independently during angiosperm evolution in over 15 families of angiosperms, representing convergent evolutionary phenomena. Probably, C4 grasses evolved in the early Oligocene about 30 million years ago, while later appeared C4 dicots, less than 20 million years ago. Low atmospheric CO2 is pivotal factor forC3- C4 transition, because it is required for high rates of photorespiration. Consistently, the increasing global aridification and declining atmospheric CO2 coincides with periods of the appearance of C4plants. Genetically, leading mechanism for creation of C4 genome is duplications of whole genomes, genome segments, or single genes followed by non-functionalization and neo-functionalization with selection for carbon conservation traits under high photorespiration promoting conditions being the ultimate factor behind the origin of C4 photosynthesis. | 2020 9 1 748-762 EXCELLENT PUBLISHERS International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 1 2020 Journal homepage http Review Article https The Evolutionary Path from C3 to C4 Photosynthesis A Review Priyanka Upadhyay1 Neha Agrawal1 Praveen Kumar Yadav2 and Ruby Patel3 1 Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana Punjab India 141004 2Division of Seed Science and Technology Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi 110012 India 3Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vishwavidyalya Mohanpura Nadia West Bengal India 741252 Corresponding author ABSTRACT Keywords C4 photosynthetic pathway C3-C4transition photorespiration genome duplications Rubisco Article Info Accepted 15 December 2019 Available Online 20 January 2020 The C4 photosynthetic carbon cycle can be explained as the elaborated addition to the C3 photosynthetic pathway. It is a unique series of biochemical anatomical and regulatory gene characteristics that concentrate CO2around the carboxylating enzyme Rubisco thereby increasing photosynthetic efficiency during high rates of photorespiration. The C4 photosynthetic pathway has evolved as an adaptation to high light intensities high temperatures and dryness therefore in the warmer climates of the tropical and subtropical dominating the grassland floras and biomass production. C4 photosynthesis originated more than 40 times independently during angiosperm evolution in over 15 families of angiosperms representing convergent evolutionary phenomena. Probably C4 grasses evolved in the early Oligocene about 30 million years ago while later appeared C4 dicots less than 20 million years ago. Low atmospheric CO2 is pivotal factor forC3- C4 transition because it is required for high rates of photorespiration. Consistently the increasing global aridification and .

• Hoá học
• C4 photosynthetic pathway
• C3 C4 transition
• Genome duplications
• Evolutionary path from C3
• Evolutionary path from C4
• High photorespiration promoting conditions
• BMC Plant Biology
• Positively selected sites
• NADP malic enzyme
• Pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase
• Mesembryanthemum crystallinum
• C4 photosynthesis
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• tài liệu báo cáo khoa học
• báo cáo y học
• kiến thức y học
• nghiên cứu y học