TAILIEUCHUNG - Lecture Biology (7th edition) - Chapter 5: The structure and function of macromolecules

Chapter 5 - The structure and function of macromolecules. In this chapter, you should be able to: List and describe the four major classes of organic molecules; explain: monomers, polymers, dehydration synthesis with the type of covalent bond for each; distinguish between monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. | Lecture Biology (7th edition) - Chapter 5: The structure and function of macromolecules Chapter 5 The Structure and Function of Macromolecules PowerPoint Lectures for Biology, Seventh Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings • Overview: The Molecules of Life – Another level in the hierarchy of biological organization is reached when small organic molecules are joined together Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings • Macromolecules – Are large molecules composed of smaller molecules – Are complex in their structures Figure Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Concept : Most macromolecules are polymers, built from monomers • Three of the classes of life’s organic molecules are polymers – Carbohydrates – Proteins – Nucleic acids Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings • A polymer – Is a long molecule consisting of many similar building blocks called monomers Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Synthesis and Breakdown of Polymers • Monomers form larger molecules by condensation reactions called dehydration reactions HO 1 2 3 H HO H Short polymer Unlinked monomer Dehydration removes a water H2O molecule, forming a new bond HO 1 2 3 4 H Longer polymer Figure (a) Dehydration reaction in the synthesis of a polymer Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings • Polymers can disassemble by – Hydrolysis HO 1 2 3 4 H Hydrolysis adds a water H2O molecule, breaking a bond HO 1 2 3 H HO H Figure (b) Hydrolysis of a polymer Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Diversity of Polymers • Each class of polymer – Is formed from a specific set

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