TAILIEUCHUNG - Chapter 12: CARBOXYLIC ACIDS

IUPAC names: hydrocarbon + “oic acid”. Some natural occurring acids & derivatives. From Grignard reagents. From nitriles: Have 1 more carbon as compared to the halide. | ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Dr Nam T. S. Phan Faculty of Chemical Engineering HCMC University of Technology Office: room 211, B2 Building Phone: 8647256 ext. 5681 Email: ptsnam@ Chapter 12: CARBOXYLIC ACIDS C=O C=C SP2 carbon Y=OH NOMENCLATURE OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS IUPAC names: hydrocarbon + “oic acid” Some natural occurring acids & derivatives PREPARATIONS OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS From Grignard reagents From nitriles Have 1 more carbon as compared to the halide From primary alcohols Can NOT be isolated PCC: pyridinium chlorochromate From aldehydes Aldehydes are generally easier to oxidize than primary alcohols From alkylbenzenes REACTIONS OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS Esterification reactions IUPAC names: alkyl + carboxylate Intramolecular ester formation: Lactones IUPAC names: 2-oxacycloalkanone Reactions of esters Ester hydrolysis Transesterification reactions Acyl chloride formation IUPAC names: replace “ic acid” with “yl halide” / “carboxylic acid” with “carbonyl halide” Reactions of acyl chlorides An amide Amide formation IUPAC names: replace “ic acid”, “oic acid”, “ylic acid” with “amide” Reactions of amides Reaction only in the presence of an acid The Hell-Vohard-Zelinski reaction Radical substitution (halogenation) will occurs in the absence of PBr3, P Only for a-hydrogens Reaction mechanism: Reduction reactions H2/Ni, Pt, Pd or NaBH4 can NOT reduce acids, esters, amides LiAlH4 is used to reduce only compounds such as acids, esters, amides that can NOT be reduced by milder agents

• Hoá học
• organic chemistry
• hóa hữu cơ
• công nghệ hóa học
• Chemical Engineering
• carboxylic acids
• In this workbook
• experiments are elaborated using small scale glassware and equipments from a Small Lab Kit
• developed at the Department of Chemistry
• Faculty of Science
• Chulalongkorn University in Thailand
• This Small Lab Kit was created as a result of the research project entitled “Chemistry Laboratory Based on Chemical Safety and Pollution Minimization” sponsored by Thai Research Fund (RDG 3 07 2543)
• One of the outcomes of this project is the organic laboratory book entitled “Organic Chemistry Laboratory Based on Chemical Safety and Pollution Minimization” written in Thai by professors from 7 universities in this project
• They compiled
• adjusted and tested the experiments taken from several traditional organic chemistry laboratory books using the prototype of Small Lab Kit
• Currently
• some selected experiments from this Thai organic chemistry laboratory text have further been modified
• rewritten and edited in English as appeared in this workbook
• Some experiments ar
• Ebook Organic chemistry
• Nucleophilic substitution
• Determining organic structures
• nucleophilic addition
• Organic structures
• Electrophilic aromatic substitution
• Principles of organic chemistry
• Methods of organic chemistry
• The methane series
• The acetylene series
• Polybasic acids
• High school
• University entrance exam
• Teaching organic chemistry
• Organic chemistry exam question
• Interdisciplinary science
• Advanced practical organic chemistry
• Functional groups
• Organic synthesis reagents
• The structure
• Reactions of organic names
• Fundamentals of organic chemistry
• Carbonyl alpha substitution reactions
• Condensation reactions
• Structure determination
• The organic chemistry
• Organic chemistry principles in context
• Starch to the principles
• The structures of organic molecules
• Mass spectrometers
• Infrared spectrometers
• Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometers
• Modern physical organic chemistry
• Strain and stability
• Covalent binding forces
• Electronic organic materials
• Thermal pericyclic reactions
• The study of organic chemistry
• Stereochemistry and resonance
• Identification of organic compounds
• Elimination reactions
• Electrophilic addition reactions
• Electron delocalization
• Organic compounds
• Cyclic hydrocarbons
• Aromatic alcohols
• Aromatic compounds containing
• Inorganic chemistry
• A guidebook to mechanism in organic chemistry
• Aromatic systems
• Linear free energy relationships
• Symmetry controlled reactions
• Fatty acid catabolism
• The chemistry of the carbonyl group
• The industrial road toward increasing efficiency
• Lecture Organic chemistry
• Hóa học hữu cơ
• Bài giảng Hóa học hữu cơ
• Chemistry of benzene
• Derivatives of benzene
• Summary of Organic Chemistry Dotoral Thesis
• Organic Chemistry Dotoral Thesis
• Natural Products Chemistry
• Biological evaluation
• Chemistry of natural compounds
• Ideas in chemistry
• Molecular sciences
• Synthetic chemistry
• Innovative processes in organic chemistry
• Predictive tools
• Organic chemical reactions
• Electronic Structure
• Electronic configurations of atoms
• Electronic configurations
• Wave properties of electrons
• Wave interactions
• Stereochemistry of alkanes
• Alkane conformations
• Chemical reactions
• Chlorination of Methane
• Chiral carbons
• Nonmobile conformers
• Alkyl Halides