TAILIEUCHUNG - Chapter 10: ALCOHOLS-PHENOLS

Common names: alkyl + alcohol. IUPAC names: hydrocarbon + ol. Carbocation rearrangements may occur. Aldehydes and ketones can also be reduced using LiAlH Pd, Ni, Ru. | ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Dr Nam T. S. Phan Faculty of Chemical Engineering HCMC University of Technology Office: room 211, B2 Building Phone: 8647256 ext. 5681 Email: ptsnam@ Chapter 10: ALCOHOLS-PHENOLS NOMENCLATURE OF ALCOHOLS Common names: alkyl + alcohol IUPAC names: hydrocarbon + ol PREPARATION OF ALCOHOLS Alcohols from alkenes H2SO4, H3PO4 Markovnikov’s rule Anti-Markovnikov Alcohols from alkyl halides Carbocation rearrangements may occur Alcohols from aldehydes & ketones Aldehydes & ketones can also be reduced using LiAlH4, H2/Pt, Pd, Ni, Ru Alcohols from carboxylic acids & derivatives Can NOT use NaBH4, H2/Pt, Pd, Ni, Ru for acids Alcohols from Grignard reagents REACTIONS OF ALCOHOLS Reactions of proton in -OH Can NOT react with NaOH Dehydration reactions isomerization Primary alcohol Internal alkene 1-alkenes can NOT be prepared using the dehydration reaction Only in acidic conditions Conversion of alcohols to alkyl halides isomerization PCl3, SOCl2 can also be used Can NOT work for tertiary alcohols due to steric hindrance NO carbocation formation, NO rearrangement Conversion of alcohols to ethers Only effective for primary alcohols Only for symmetric ether Reaction mechanism: Fisher esterification reactions Need acid catalyst Reversible reaction Reaction mechanism: Oxidation reactions Can NOT be isolated PCC: pyridinium chlorochromate PHENOLS SP2 Carbon SP3 Carbon Some naturally occurring phenols NOMENCLATURE OF PHENOLS PREPARATION OF PHENOLS REACTIONS OF PHENOLS Halogenation reactions Strong activating group Polar solvent Non-polar solvent NO monobromination NOT necessary to use mixture of concentrated HNO3 & H2SO4 Nitration reactions Sulfonation reactions Friedel-Crafts Alkylation reactions Friedel-Crafts Acylation reactions O-acylations of phenols NO Lewis acid The Kolbe-Schmitt reaction Preparation of aryl ethers Can NOT prepare aryl ether directly from the reaction of phenol & alcohol in the presence of acid catalyst Cleavage of aryl ethers by hydrogen halides Reaction mechanism: NOTE: SN2 Oxidation of phenols Polymerization with formaldehyde Electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions

• Trung học phổ thông
• organic chemistry
• hóa hữu cơ
• công nghệ hóa học
• Chemical Engineering
• alcohols
• phenols
• In this workbook
• experiments are elaborated using small scale glassware and equipments from a Small Lab Kit
• developed at the Department of Chemistry
• Faculty of Science
• Chulalongkorn University in Thailand
• This Small Lab Kit was created as a result of the research project entitled “Chemistry Laboratory Based on Chemical Safety and Pollution Minimization” sponsored by Thai Research Fund (RDG 3 07 2543)
• One of the outcomes of this project is the organic laboratory book entitled “Organic Chemistry Laboratory Based on Chemical Safety and Pollution Minimization” written in Thai by professors from 7 universities in this project
• They compiled
• adjusted and tested the experiments taken from several traditional organic chemistry laboratory books using the prototype of Small Lab Kit
• Currently
• some selected experiments from this Thai organic chemistry laboratory text have further been modified
• rewritten and edited in English as appeared in this workbook
• Some experiments ar
• Ebook Organic chemistry
• Nucleophilic substitution
• Determining organic structures
• nucleophilic addition
• Organic structures
• Electrophilic aromatic substitution
• Principles of organic chemistry
• Methods of organic chemistry
• The methane series
• The acetylene series
• Polybasic acids
• High school
• University entrance exam
• Teaching organic chemistry
• Organic chemistry exam question
• Interdisciplinary science
• Advanced practical organic chemistry
• Functional groups
• Organic synthesis reagents
• The structure
• Reactions of organic names
• Fundamentals of organic chemistry
• Carbonyl alpha substitution reactions
• Condensation reactions
• Structure determination
• The organic chemistry
• Organic chemistry principles in context
• Starch to the principles
• The structures of organic molecules
• Mass spectrometers
• Infrared spectrometers
• Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometers
• Modern physical organic chemistry
• Strain and stability
• Covalent binding forces
• Electronic organic materials
• Thermal pericyclic reactions
• The study of organic chemistry
• Stereochemistry and resonance
• Identification of organic compounds
• Elimination reactions
• Electrophilic addition reactions
• Electron delocalization
• Organic compounds
• Cyclic hydrocarbons
• Aromatic alcohols
• Aromatic compounds containing
• Inorganic chemistry
• A guidebook to mechanism in organic chemistry
• Aromatic systems
• Linear free energy relationships
• Symmetry controlled reactions
• Fatty acid catabolism
• The chemistry of the carbonyl group
• The industrial road toward increasing efficiency
• Lecture Organic chemistry
• Hóa học hữu cơ
• Bài giảng Hóa học hữu cơ
• Chemistry of benzene
• Derivatives of benzene
• Summary of Organic Chemistry Dotoral Thesis
• Organic Chemistry Dotoral Thesis
• Natural Products Chemistry
• Biological evaluation
• Chemistry of natural compounds
• Ideas in chemistry
• Molecular sciences
• Synthetic chemistry
• Innovative processes in organic chemistry
• Predictive tools
• Organic chemical reactions
• Electronic Structure
• Electronic configurations of atoms
• Electronic configurations
• Wave properties of electrons
• Wave interactions
• Stereochemistry of alkanes
• Alkane conformations
• Chemical reactions
• Chlorination of Methane
• Chiral carbons
• Nonmobile conformers
• Alkyl Halides