TAILIEUCHUNG - Ebook Organic chemistry (10th edition): Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 book "Organic chemistry" has contents: Radical reactions, alcohols and ethers synthesis and reactions; alcohols from carbonyl compounds oxidation–reduction and organometallic compounds; conjugated unsaturated systems, aromatic compounds. and other contents. | 28-09-2009 15:09 Page 459 Radical Reactions 10 Unpaired electrons lead to many burning questions about radical types of reactivity. In fact, species with unpaired electrons are called radicals, and they are involved in the chemistry of burning, aging, disease, as well as in reactions related to destruction of the ozone layer and the synthesis of products that enhance our everyday lives. For example, polyethylene, which can have a molecular weight from the thousands to the millions, and practical uses ranging from plastic films and wraps to water bottles, bulletproof vests, and hip and knee replacements, is made by a reaction involving radicals. Oxygen that we breathe and nitric oxide that serves as a chemical signaling agent for some fundamental biological processes are both molecules with unpaired electrons. Highly colored natural compounds like those found in blueberries and carrots react with radicals and may protect us from undesirable biological radical reactions. Large portions of the economy hinge on radicals, as well, from reactions used to make polymers like polyethylene, to the target action of pharmaceuticals like Cialis, Levitra, and Viagra, which act on a nitric oxide biological signaling pathway. Reactions with radicals also play a role in organic synthesis. In this chapter we study the properties and reactivity of species with unpaired electrons, and we shall find that they are radically important to chemistry and life. 459 28-09-2009 460 15:09 Page 460 Chapter 10 Radical Reactions Introduction: How Radicals Form and How They React So far almost all of the reactions whose mechanisms we have studied have been ionic reactions. Ionic reactions are those in which covalent bonds break heterolytically and in which ions are involved as reactants, intermediates, or products. Another broad category of reactions has mechanisms that involve homolysis of covalent bonds with the .

• Hoá học
• Organic chemistry
• Radical reactions
• Alcohols from carbonyl compounds oxidation–reduction
• Conjugated unsaturated systems
• Cromatic compounds
• Aromatic compounds
• In this workbook
• experiments are elaborated using small scale glassware and equipments from a Small Lab Kit
• developed at the Department of Chemistry
• Faculty of Science
• Chulalongkorn University in Thailand
• This Small Lab Kit was created as a result of the research project entitled “Chemistry Laboratory Based on Chemical Safety and Pollution Minimization” sponsored by Thai Research Fund (RDG 3 07 2543)
• One of the outcomes of this project is the organic laboratory book entitled “Organic Chemistry Laboratory Based on Chemical Safety and Pollution Minimization” written in Thai by professors from 7 universities in this project
• They compiled
• adjusted and tested the experiments taken from several traditional organic chemistry laboratory books using the prototype of Small Lab Kit
• Currently
• some selected experiments from this Thai organic chemistry laboratory text have further been modified
• rewritten and edited in English as appeared in this workbook
• Some experiments ar
• Ebook Organic chemistry
• Nucleophilic substitution
• Determining organic structures
• nucleophilic addition
• Organic structures
• Electrophilic aromatic substitution
• Principles of organic chemistry
• Methods of organic chemistry
• The methane series
• The acetylene series
• Polybasic acids
• High school
• University entrance exam
• Teaching organic chemistry
• Organic chemistry exam question
• Interdisciplinary science
• Advanced practical organic chemistry
• Functional groups
• Organic synthesis reagents
• The structure
• Reactions of organic names
• Fundamentals of organic chemistry
• Carbonyl alpha substitution reactions
• Condensation reactions
• Structure determination
• The organic chemistry
• Organic chemistry principles in context
• Starch to the principles
• The structures of organic molecules
• Mass spectrometers
• Infrared spectrometers
• Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometers
• Modern physical organic chemistry
• Strain and stability
• Covalent binding forces
• Electronic organic materials
• Thermal pericyclic reactions
• The study of organic chemistry
• Stereochemistry and resonance
• Identification of organic compounds
• Elimination reactions
• Electrophilic addition reactions
• Electron delocalization
• Organic compounds
• Cyclic hydrocarbons
• Aromatic alcohols
• Aromatic compounds containing
• Inorganic chemistry
• A guidebook to mechanism in organic chemistry
• Aromatic systems
• Linear free energy relationships
• Symmetry controlled reactions
• Fatty acid catabolism
• The chemistry of the carbonyl group
• The industrial road toward increasing efficiency
• Lecture Organic chemistry
• Hóa học hữu cơ
• Bài giảng Hóa học hữu cơ
• Chemistry of benzene
• Derivatives of benzene
• Summary of Organic Chemistry Dotoral Thesis
• Organic Chemistry Dotoral Thesis
• Natural Products Chemistry
• Biological evaluation
• Chemistry of natural compounds
• Ideas in chemistry
• Molecular sciences
• Synthetic chemistry
• Innovative processes in organic chemistry
• Predictive tools
• Organic chemical reactions
• Electronic Structure
• Electronic configurations of atoms
• Electronic configurations
• Wave properties of electrons
• Wave interactions
• Stereochemistry of alkanes
• Alkane conformations
• Chemical reactions
• Chlorination of Methane
• Chiral carbons
• Nonmobile conformers
• Alkyl Halides