TAILIEUCHUNG - Ebook Organic chemistry (7e): Part 2

The book updated material on Infrared Spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of amines, aldehydes/ketones, and carboxylic acid derivatives. Updated information on DNA sequencing (the process of determination of the precise sequence of nucleotides within a DNA molecule) and DNA synthesis. | Chapter 18 - Ethers and Epoxides Thiols and Sulfides Chapter Outline I. Acyclic ethers Sections - A. Naming ethers Section . 1. Ethers with no other functional groups are named by citing the two organic substituents and adding the word ether . 2. When other functional groups are present the ether is an alkoxy substituent. B. Properties of ethers. 1. Ethers have the same geometry as water and alcohols. 2. Ethers have a small dipole moment that causes a slight boiling point elevation. 3. Ethers can react slowly with oxygen to give explosive peroxides. c. Preparation of ethers Section . 1. Symmetrical ethers can be synthesized by acid-catalyzed dehydration of alcohols. 2. Williamson ether synthesis. a. Metal alkoxides react with primary alkyl halides and tosylates to form ethers. b. The alkoxides are prepared by reacting an alcohol with a strong base such as NaH. Reaction of the free alcohol with the halide can be achieved with Ag2O. c. The reaction occurs via an Sn2 mechanism. i. The halide component must be primary. ii. In cases where one ether component is hindered reaction should occur between the alkoxide of the more hindered reagent and the halide of the less hindered reagent. 3. Alkoxymercuration of alkenes. a. Ethers can be formed from the reaction of alcohols with alkenes. b. The reaction is catalyzed by mercuric trifluoroacetate. c. The mechanism is similar to that for hydration of alkenes. NaBH4 is used for demercuration of the intermediate. d. Many different types of ethers can be prepared by this method. D. Reactions of ethers Sections - . 1. Acidic cleavage Section . a. Strong acids can be used to cleave ethers. b. Cleavage can occur by Sn2 or SnI routes. i. Primary and secondary alcohols react by an Sn2 mechanism in which the halide attacks the ether at the less hindered site. This route selectively produces one halide and one alcohol. ii. Tertiary benzylic and allylic ethers react by either an SnI or an El route. 2. .

• Hoá học
• Organic chemistry
• Alcohols and benzene
• Electrophilic aromatic substitution
• Carboxylic acids
• The organic chemistry
• Metabolic pathways
• In this workbook
• experiments are elaborated using small scale glassware and equipments from a Small Lab Kit
• developed at the Department of Chemistry
• Faculty of Science
• Chulalongkorn University in Thailand
• This Small Lab Kit was created as a result of the research project entitled “Chemistry Laboratory Based on Chemical Safety and Pollution Minimization” sponsored by Thai Research Fund (RDG 3 07 2543)
• One of the outcomes of this project is the organic laboratory book entitled “Organic Chemistry Laboratory Based on Chemical Safety and Pollution Minimization” written in Thai by professors from 7 universities in this project
• They compiled
• adjusted and tested the experiments taken from several traditional organic chemistry laboratory books using the prototype of Small Lab Kit
• Currently
• some selected experiments from this Thai organic chemistry laboratory text have further been modified
• rewritten and edited in English as appeared in this workbook
• Some experiments ar
• Ebook Organic chemistry
• Nucleophilic substitution
• Determining organic structures
• nucleophilic addition
• Organic structures
• Principles of organic chemistry
• Methods of organic chemistry
• The methane series
• The acetylene series
• Polybasic acids
• High school
• University entrance exam
• Teaching organic chemistry
• Organic chemistry exam question
• Interdisciplinary science
• Advanced practical organic chemistry
• Functional groups
• Organic synthesis reagents
• The structure
• Reactions of organic names
• Fundamentals of organic chemistry
• Carbonyl alpha substitution reactions
• Condensation reactions
• Structure determination
• Organic chemistry principles in context
• Starch to the principles
• The structures of organic molecules
• Mass spectrometers
• Infrared spectrometers
• Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometers
• Modern physical organic chemistry
• Strain and stability
• Covalent binding forces
• Electronic organic materials
• Thermal pericyclic reactions
• The study of organic chemistry
• Stereochemistry and resonance
• Identification of organic compounds
• Elimination reactions
• Electrophilic addition reactions
• Electron delocalization
• Organic compounds
• Cyclic hydrocarbons
• Aromatic alcohols
• Aromatic compounds containing
• Inorganic chemistry
• A guidebook to mechanism in organic chemistry
• Aromatic systems
• Linear free energy relationships
• Symmetry controlled reactions
• Fatty acid catabolism
• The chemistry of the carbonyl group
• The industrial road toward increasing efficiency
• Lecture Organic chemistry
• Hóa học hữu cơ
• Bài giảng Hóa học hữu cơ
• Chemistry of benzene
• Derivatives of benzene
• Summary of Organic Chemistry Dotoral Thesis
• Organic Chemistry Dotoral Thesis
• Natural Products Chemistry
• Biological evaluation
• Chemistry of natural compounds
• Ideas in chemistry
• Molecular sciences
• Synthetic chemistry
• Innovative processes in organic chemistry
• Predictive tools
• Organic chemical reactions
• Electronic Structure
• Electronic configurations of atoms
• Electronic configurations
• Wave properties of electrons
• Wave interactions
• Stereochemistry of alkanes
• Alkane conformations
• Chemical reactions
• Chlorination of Methane
• Chiral carbons
• Nonmobile conformers
• Alkyl Halides