TAILIEUCHUNG - Lecture Essentials of economics (3/e): Chapter 2 - Brue, McConnell, Flynn

Chapter 2 - The market system and the circular flow. This chapter begins with a brief comparison of the command and market systems, transitioning quickly to a discussion of the institutional framework of the American market system. | Chapter 2 The Market System and the Circular Flow Copyright © 2014 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill/Irwin This chapter begins with a brief comparison of the command and market systems, transitioning quickly to a discussion of the institutional framework of the American market system. Brief explanations are given for these characteristics of the market system: private property, freedom of enterprise and choice, the role of self-interest, competition, markets and prices, the reliance on technology and capital goods, specialization, use of money, and the active but limited role of government. The authors then address the Five Fundamental Questions faced by every economy and explain how a market economy answers each one. A discussion of Adam Smith’s “invisible hand” leads into an explanation of why command systems have failed. The final part of the chapter introduces the circular flow model as an overview of how resources and goods move through a market system. Economic Systems Set of institutional arrangements Coordinating mechanism Differences in systems exist by: Who owns the factors of production What method is used to motivate, coordinate, and direct economic activity LO1 2- Economic systems are a set of institutional arrangements and a coordinating mechanism to solve economic problems. Economic systems differ in two important ways: Who owns the factors of production and the method used to coordinate economic activity. The Command System Known as socialism or communism Government ownership Decisions made by a central planning board North Korea and Cuba are last remaining examples of largely centrally planned economies LO1 2- Resources are owned by government and economic activity is coordinated by a central planning board. This means that what is produced, how much is produced and the prices that are charged for the output are determined by the central planning board. Global Snapshot LO1 North Korea South .

• Kinh tế học
• Essentials of economics
• Lecture Essentials of economics
• International economics
• Product markets
• Market system
• Circular flow
• Economic perspective
• Marginal analysis
• Inverse relationships
• Independent variables
• Market equilibrium
• Law of demand
• Exchange rates
• Preset prices
• Price elasticity of demand
• Elasticity of demand
• Market failures
• Public goods
• Business population
• Corporation advantages
• Pure competition
• Market models
• Pure monopoly
• Monopoly demand
• Monopolistic competition
• Game theory overview
• Economic growth
• Gross domestic product
• Business cycles
• Economic cost of unemployment
• Aggregate demand
• Aggregate supply
• Fiscal policy
• Evaluating fiscal policy
• Financial institutions
• Federal Reserve
• Interest rates
• Monetary policy
• International trade
• Wage determination
• Labor demand
• Income inequality
• Poverty trends
• Opportunity cost
• Rational action
• Factors of production
• Optimal Mix
• Investment goods
• Government services
• Product market
• Locating markets
• Individual demand
• Market supply
• Consumer demand
• Sociopsychiatric explanation
• Total utility
• Marginal utility
• Supply decisions
• Marginal physical product
• Total profit