TAILIEUCHUNG - Sách WRITING IN ENGLISH - A PRACTICAL HANDBOOK FOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL WRITERS

For some overseas students, essays have to be written in the unfamiliar rhetorical styles of the target culture (Crowe & Peterson, 1995). An added complexity is that different cultural conventions are involved in academic argument. These conventions are important from the point of view of the teacher in that overseas students may have a logical orientation, but it may be perceived to be illogical to a reader anticipating a different culturally-constrained demonstration of logic. Jordan (1997) looked at the writing difficulties of overseas postgraduates attending writing classes at a university in the . The students were asked to comment. | Leonardo da Vinci programme European Commission Writing in English A Practical Handbook for Scientific and Technical Writers A Pilot Project Project Partners Zuzana Svobodova Technical University Brno Czech Republic Heidrun Katzorke and Ursula Jaekel Technische Universitat Chemnitz Germany Stefania Dugovicova and Mike Scoggin Comenius University Bratislava Slovakia Peter Treacher ELT Centre University of Essex England Writing in English A Practical Handbook for Scientific and Technical Writers CONTENTS Page No. Page No. Foreword 1 Types of Writing 4 Language functions Scientific Articles 1 Agreeing and Disagreeing 35 Research Papers 2 Classifying 36 Proposals 3 Comparing and Contrasting 37 Defining 39 2 Composition Emphasising 41 Titles 5 Generalising 43 Planning your Writing 6 Paraphrasing 45 Paragraph Writing 7 Quoting 47 Introductions 9 Writing the Main Body 12 5 Grammar Conclusions 14 Adverbs 51 Sections of a Research Articles 53 Paper 17 Numbers 56 Describing Tables and Passive Voice 56 Graphs 18 Punctuation 58 Referencing 19 . Plagiarism 21 Verb Tenses 62 Word Order 65 Abstracts 21 . Summary Writing 24 6 Words 3 Style Abbreviations 67 Objectivity 27 . Prefixes 68 Clarity 28 . Suffixes 70 Formality 29 . Hedging 29 Signposting 31 Foreword No science stands alone. If research done findings found conclusions drawn are not presented to the world then it is arguable whether they are of any real use at all. The reason for the research paper is to present the findings to the world to share the information learned for others to do with it what they will. Why the research was originally conducted is of interest but the researcher s intentions goals and conclusions are not the end. For example a zoologist s published observations of the chemical means of trail marking by ants may be read by a biochemist who in turn .

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