TAILIEUCHUNG - Lecture Biology 25 (Human Biology): Chapter 16, 17 - Prof. Gonsalves

Chapter 16, 17 provides knowledge of reproductive system and sexually transmitted diseases. This chapter includes contents: Male reproductive system, female reproductive system, female hormone levels, control of reproduction, homeostasis, viral infectious diseases, bacterial infectious diseases, other infectious diseases. | Chapter 16 & Chapter 17 Biology 25: Human Biology Prof. Gonsalves Los Angeles City College Based on Mader’s Human Biology,7th edition and Fox’s 8th ed Powerpoints Sexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction: Only organ system that is not essential for individual survival. Continuation of species. Gamete formation (eggs and sperm) cells. Homeostatic Role: Maintains secondary sexual characteristics. Sexual Reproduction: The most common type of animal reproduction. Occurs through the fusion of gametes (sperm and egg). Male: Produces sperm cells. Small and motile, propels itself by whiplike flagellum. Female: Produces eggs (ova). Large and nonmotile. Zygote: Egg cell fertilized by a sperm cell. Fertilization: Creation of zygotes by fusion of ova and sperm cells. Two types: Internal Fertilization: Gametes fuse inside the female’s body. Usually requires copulation (intercourse) in which male delivers sperm directly into body of female. Practiced by most terrestrial animals, aquatic reptiles, birds, and mammals. Sexual Reproduction External Fertilization: Gametes fuse outside the female’s body. Mating partners release eggs and sperm simultaneously into the water. Practiced by most aquatic animals: fish, amphibians. Many eggs are lost and eaten by predators. Therefore, many must be made and released for a few to survive. Hermaphroditism: A single individual produces both sperm and eggs. Some such as the tapeworm are capable of self-fertilization. Others (.: earthworm) must mate with other animals. In some species self-fertilization is prevented by development of testis and ovaries at different times. Used by “solitary” animals. Reproductive System of Humans Reproductive Functions of Male: Produces sperm Delivers sperm to female reproductive tract All of these processes are regulated and coordinated by hormones secreted by: Hypothalamus Pituitary gland (anterior portion) Testes (Sing. Testis) Front View of Male Reproductive System Major Organs of Male Reproductive System: .

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