TAILIEUCHUNG - Lecture Biology 25 (Human Biology): Chapter 6 - Prof. Gonsalves

Chapter 6 provides knowledge of composition of blood. The main contents of the chapter consist of the following: The red blood cells, the white blood cells, blood clotting, plasma, capillary exchange, blood typing. | Chapter 6 Biology 25: Human Biology Prof. Gonsalves Los Angeles City College Loosely Based on Mader’s Human Biology,7th edition 1. Blood Average Blood Volume: 4 to 6 liters. Blood composition: 55% Plasma (fluid matrix of water, salts, proteins, etc.) 45% Cellular elements: Red Blood Cells (RBCs): 5-6 million RBCs/ml of blood. Contain hemoglobin which transport oxygen and CO2. White Blood Cells (WBCs): 5,000-10,000 WBCs/ml of blood. Play an essential role in immunity and defense. Include: Lymphocytes: T cells and B cells Macrophages (phagocytes) Granulocytes: Neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils. Platelets: Cellular fragments. 250,000- 400,000/ml of blood. Important in blood clotting. Composition of Blood Formed Elements. Erythrocytes. Leukocytes. Platelets. Plasma. Composition of Human Blood Plasma Straw-colored liquid. Consists of H20 and dissolved solutes. Ions, metabolites, hormones, antibodies. Na+ is the major solute of the plasma. Plasma Proteins Constitute 7-9% of plasma. Provide the colloid osmotic pressure needed to draw H20 from interstitial fluid to capillaries. Maintain blood pressure. Albumin: Accounts for 60-80% of plasma proteins. Plasma Proteins Globulins: a globulin: Transport lipids and fat soluble vitamins. b globulin: Transport lipids and fat soluble vitamins. g globulin: Antibodies that function in immunity. Plasma Proteins Fibrinogen: Constitutes 4% of plasma proteins. Important clotting factor. Converted into fibrin during the clotting process. Formed Elements of Blood Include 2 types of blood cells: RBCs (red blood cells): Most numerous of the two. WBCs (white blood cells). Erythrocytes Flattened biconcave discs. Provides increased surface area through which gas can diffuse. Lack nuclei and mitochondria. Half-life ~ 120 days. Contain 280 million hemoglobin with 4 heme chains (contain iron). Leukocytes Contain nuclei and mitochondria. Move in amoeboid fashion. Can squeeze through capillary walls (diapedesis). Almost invisible, so named .

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