TAILIEUCHUNG - Lecture Genetics: From genes to genomes - Chapter 4: The chromosome theory of inheritance

Chapter 4 - The chromosome theory of inheritance. The main contents of this chapter include all of the following: Chromosomes - The carriers of genes, mitosis: cell division that preserves chromosome number, meiosis: cell divisions that halve chromosome number, gametogenesis, validation of the chromosome theory. | Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required to reproduce or display PowerPoint to accompany Genetics: From Genes to Genomes Fourth Edition Leland H. Hartwell, Leroy Hood, Michael L. Goldberg, Ann E. Reynolds, and Lee M. Silver Prepared by Mary A. Bedell University of Georgia CHAPTER OUTLINE Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required to reproduce or display Hartwell et al., 4th ed., Chapter 4 CHAPTER Basic Principles: How Traits Are Transmitted CHAPTER PART I The Chromosome Theory of Inheritance Chromosomes: The Carriers of Genes Mitosis: Cell Division That Preserves Chromosome Number Meiosis: Cell Divisions That Halve Chromosome Number Gametogenesis Validation of the Chromosome Theory Chromosomes are cellular structures that transmit genetic information Breeding experiments and microscopy provided evidence for the chromosome theory of inheritance Proper development relies on accurate transmission of genes and accurate maintenance of chromosome number The abstract idea of a gene was changed to a physical reality by the chromosome theory Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required to reproduce or display Hartwell et al., 4th ed., Chapter 4 Evidence that genes reside in the nucleus 1667 - Anton Van Leeuwenhoek Microscopy revealed that semen contain spermatozoa ("sperm animals") Hypothesized that sperm may enter egg to achieve fertilization 1854 – 1874 Direct observations of fertilization through union of nuclei of eggs and sperm (frog and sea urchin) Conclusion: something in the nucleus must contain the hereditary material Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required to reproduce or display Hartwell et al., 4th ed., Chapter 4 Evidence that genes reside in chromosomes 1880s – improved microscopy and staining techniques Long, threadlike bodies (chromosomes) visualized in the nucleus Movement of these bodies followed through cell division Mitosis

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