TAILIEUCHUNG - Báo cáo khoa học: "Improving Machine Translation of Null Subjects in Italian and Spanish"

Null subjects are non overtly expressed subject pronouns found in pro-drop languages such as Italian and Spanish. In this study we quantify and compare the occurrence of this phenomenon in these two languages. Next, we evaluate null subjects’ translation into French, a “non prodrop” language. We use the Europarl corpus to evaluate two MT systems on their performance regarding null subject translation: Its-2, a rule-based system developed at LATL, and a statistical system built using the Moses toolkit. . | Improving Machine Translation of Null Subjects in Italian and Spanish Lorenza Russo Sharid Loaiciga Asheesh Gulati Language Technology Laboratory LATL Department of Linguistics - University of Geneva 2 rue de Candolle - CH-1211 Geneva 4 - Switzerland @ Abstract Null subjects are non overtly expressed subject pronouns found in pro-drop languages such as Italian and Spanish. In this study we quantify and compare the occurrence of this phenomenon in these two languages. Next we evaluate null subjects translation into French a non prodrop language. We use the Europarl corpus to evaluate two MT systems on their performance regarding null subject translation Its-2 a rule-based system developed at LATL and a statistical system built using the Moses toolkit. Then we add a rule-based preprocessor and a statistical post-editor to the Its-2 translation pipeline. A second evaluation of the improved Its-2 system shows an average increase of in correct pro-drop translations for Italian-French and for Spanish-French. 1 Introduction Romance languages are characterized by some morphological and syntactical similarities. Italian and Spanish the two languages we are interested in here share the null subject parameter also called the pro-drop parameter among other characteristics. The null subject parameter refers to whether the subject of a sentence is overtly expressed or not Haegeman 1994 . In other words due to their rich morphology Italian and Spanish allow non lexically-realized subject pronouns also called null subjects zero pronouns or pro-drop .1 From a monolingual point of view regarding Spanish previous work by Ferrandez and Peral 1Henceforth the terms will be used indiscriminately. 2000 has shown that 46 of verbs in their test corpus had their subjects omitted. Continuation of this work by Rello and Ilisei 2009 has found that in a corpus of 2 606 sentences there were 1 042 sentences without overtly expressed

• Báo cáo khoa học
• Improving Machine Translation
• Null Subjects
• Italian and Spanish
• scientific reports
• model language
• process natural language
• Improving On line Handwritten Recognition
• Translation Models
• Multimodal Interactive Machine Translation
• báo cáo khoa học
• báo cáo ngôn ngữ
• ngôn ngữ tự nhiên
• Improving Pronoun Translation
• Statistical Machine Translation
• Liane Guillou
• Improving Statistical Machine Translation
• Monolingual Collocation
• Zhanyi Liu
• Diversify and Combine
• Improving Word Alignment
• Machine Translation
• Low Resource Languages
• Improving Arabic to English Statistical Machine
• Translation by Reordering
• Post verbal Subjects for Alignment
• Phrase Linguistic Classification
• Generalization
• mô hình ngôn ngữ
• xử lý ngôn ngữ tự nhiên
• Nôm scripts
• Vietnamese Nôm scripts
• Language model
• Transliteration system
• Dialog Control
• Natural Language System
• Dialog Control in a Natural Language System
• Expanding the Horizons
• Natural Language Interfaces
• Phil Hayes
• PROSPECTS OR PRACTICAL
• NATURAL LANGUAGE SYSTEMS
• Workshops
• NATURAL LANGUAGE
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• Long Papers
• COMPUTER INTEBFACE DESIGN MURRAY TUROFF DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER
• IiVFORMATION SCIENCE IIEW JERSEY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• EVALUATION OF NATURAL LANGUAGE
• INTERFACES TO DATABASE SYSTEMS
• A PANEL DISCUSSION
• database query system
• J
• Norwood Crout
• INTERFACES TO DATA BASE SYSTEMS
• Bozena Henisz
• INTERPRETING NATURAL LANGUAGE
• DATABASE UPDATES
• S
• Jermld Kaplan Jim David
• TRANSPORTABLE NATURAL LANGUAGE
• INTERFACES TO DATABASES
• Gary G
• Hendrlx and William H
• Lewis
• DATABASES THEORETICAL
• TECHNICAL ISSUES
• TRANSPORTABLE NATURAL LANGUAGE INTERFACES
• PROBLEMS AND TECHNIQUES
• Barbara J
• Grosz
• THEORETICAL TECHNICAL ISSUES
• NATURAL LANGUAGE ACCESS TO DATABASES
• R
• Petrick
• Domain Independent
• Database Access Systems
• ISSUES IN NATURAL LANGUAGE
• ACCESS TO DATABASES
• A LOGIC PROGRAMMING PERSPECTIVE
• Sharon C
• Salveter David Maier
• PLANNING NATURAL LANGUAGE
• EXPRESSIONS REFERRING
• Douglas E
• Appelt
• THE TEXT SYSTEM
• NATURAL LANGUAGE GENERATION
• Kathleen R
• M
• MENTING A DATABASE
• KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION
• THE KEY TO THE SELECTION PROBLEM
• E
• Jeffrey Conklin David D
• McDonald
• A KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING
• NATURAL LANGUAGE UNDERSTANDING
• Stuart C
• Shapiro
• NATURAL LANGUAGE TEXTS
• NECESSARILY GRAMMATICAL
• EVEN COMPLETE
• UNGRAMHATICALITY
• EXTRA GRAMMATICALITY
• NATURAL LANGUAGE UNDERSTANDING SYSTEMS
• Taxonomy
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• Individuals in Natural
• Language Understanding
• The Use of Ooject Special Knowledge
• Natural Language Processing
• Mark H
• Bursteln