TAILIEUCHUNG - Ebook Netter's illustrated pharmacology: Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 book "Netter's illustrated pharmacology" presentation of content: Drugs used in disorders of the gastrointestinal system, drugs used in disorders of the respiratory system, drugs used in disorders of the reproductive system, drugs used to affect renal function, drugs used in infectious disease, drugs used for skin disorders,. | C H A P T E R 6  DRUGS USED IN DISORDERS OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM OVERVIEW The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is an epithelium-lined muscular tube that runs from the mouth to the anus. The major functions of the GI system are food digestion, nutrient absorption, and delivery of nutrients to the blood for distribution. Other functions are excretion of waste and secretion of hormones into the blood for delivery to distal targets. The GI system has an important role in fluid and electrolyte balance. It is the normal route for water and salt intake and a potential source of fluid and electrolyte loss. During digestion, a large volume of digestive secretions is added to the ingested, chewed, and swallowed food. Nearly all of this combined mixture must be reabsorbed to avoid major disturbances in fluid-electrolyte and acid-base balance. The small intestine provides a large surface area for the absorption of nutrients and drugs. Substances are moved through the GI tract by peristalsis. Abnormally fast or slow peristalsis can disrupt absorption of nutrients, drugs, and water—the origin of most GI dysfunctions, including constipation, diarrhea, peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and emesis. Laxatives are used for constipation. Laxatives cause emptying of the colon and defecation by stimulating peristalsis or by adding more bulk or water to the feces. Opioids (diphenoxylate and loperamide) are the most effective drugs for controlling diarrhea. Diarrhea is also treated with antiinflammatory drugs such as the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) aspirin and indomethacin. Bismuth compounds are used for simple diarrhea. Peptic ulcer disease is caused by an erosion of the mucosal layer of the stomach or proximal small intestine (duodenum). Helicobacter pylori infection is the most common cause. GERD is a similar disorder that occurs in the esophagus and is treated with similar medications. Peptic ulcer disease is best treated by a .

• Y khoa - Dược
• Netters illustrated pharmacology
• The gastrointestinal system
• The respiratory system
• Affect renal function
• Infectious disease
• Drugs used for skin disorders
• Basic principles of pharmacology
• The autonomic
• Somatic nervous systems
• The cardiovascular system
• The endocrine system